Ukuthintela ilangatye lelaphu bubuchwepheshe obubalulekileyo bokhuseleko obuyilelwe ukunciphisa ukutsha kwamalaphu, ukunciphisa ukutsha kunye nokusasazeka kwamalangatye, ngaloo ndlela kusindisa ubomi kunye nepropathi. Unyango oluthintela ilangatye (FR) lusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba ukuphazamisa umjikelo wokutsha kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo: ukufudumeza, ukubola, ukutsha, okanye ukusasazwa kwamalangatye.
Iindlela eziphambili:
1. Ukupholisa: Ezinye ii-FR zifunxa ubushushu, zehlise ubushushu belaphu ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lokutsha.
2. Ukwakheka kweChar: Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwiPhosphorus okanye kwinitrogen zikhuthaza ukwakheka komaleko wechar okhuselayo nokhuselayo endaweni yezinto ezivuthayo.
3. Ukunyibilika: Ii-FR ziyabola ukuze zikhuphe iigesi ezingatshiyo (ezifana nomphunga wamanzi, i-CO₂, i-nitrogen), zinyibilikisa ioksijini kunye neegesi zamafutha kufutshane nelangatye.
4. I-Radical Trapping: Iikhompawundi ze-halogenated (nangona zincitshiswa kakhulu) zikhupha ii-radicals eziphazamisana neempendulo ze-exothermic chain kwindawo yelangatye.
Iintlobo zonyango:
Ihlala ixesha elide: Ibotshelelwe kwiifayibha ngeekhemikhali (eziqhelekileyo kwikotoni, kwiingxube zepolyester), iphila ixesha elide xa ihlanjwa. Imizekelo ibandakanya iPyrovatex® yonyango lwe-cellulose okanye olusekelwe kwi-THPC.
Ayihlali ixesha elide/Ayihlali ixesha elide: Isetyenziswa ngeengubo okanye ngeengubo zangasemva (ngokuqhelekileyo kwizinto ezenziwe ngokwenziwa, iifenitshala, amakhethini). Ezi zinto zinokuphuma okanye zinciphe xa zicocwa.
Iifayibha ze-FR ezingaphakathi: Iifayibha ezifana nee-aramids (Nomex®, Kevlar®), i-modacrylic, okanye ii-rayons/viscose ezithile ze-FR zinokumelana nomlilo okwakhelwe kwisakhiwo sazo se-molecular.
Izicelo zibalulekile:
Impahla yokuzikhusela yabacimi-mlilo, amajoni, abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso.
Ifenitshala efakwe upholstery, oomatrasi, kunye namakhethini emakhaya nakwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke.
Izinto zangaphakathi zothutho (iinqwelo-moya, oololiwe, iimoto).
Iikhaphethi kunye neentente.
Imingeni kunye nezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
Ukulinganisela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-FR kunye nentuthuzelo, ukuqina, iindleko, kwaye ngakumbi impembelelo yokusingqongileyo/yempilo kubalulekile. Imigaqo (efana neCalifornia TB 117, NFPA 701, EU REACH) iyaqhubeka nokuguquka, iqhubela phambili ubuchule kwizisombululo ezizinzileyo, ezingenabungozi, nezisebenzayo ezingenayo i-halogen. Uphando lugxile kwi-FRs ezisekelwe kwi-bio kunye ne-nanotechnology ukufezekisa amalaphu akhuselekileyo, asebenza kakuhle kwikamva elinokumelana nomlilo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-03-2025
