Isicelo sokuncamathelisa/sokutywina/sokuncamathelisa ilangabi
Intsimi yokwakha:Ukufakwa kweengcango zomlilo, ii-firewalls, iibhodi zomlilo
Intsimi ye-elektroniki kunye nombane:Iibhodi zesekethe, izinto ze-elektroniki
Ishishini leemoto:Izihlalo, iideshibhodi, iiphaneli zeminyango
Intsimi yeenqwelo-moya:Izixhobo zeenqwelo-moya, izakhiwo zeenqwelo-moya
Izinto zasekhaya:Ifenitshala, imigangatho, amaphepha odonga
Itheyiphu yokuDlulisela i-Adhesive eBuyisela ilangatye:Ilungele kakhulu izinyithi, amagwebu kunye neeplastiki ezifana ne-polyethylene
Ukusebenza kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye zithintela okanye zilibazise ukusasazeka komlilo ngokuthintela iimpembelelo zeekhemikhali elangatyeni okanye ngokwenziwa komaleko okhuselayo phezu komphezulu wento.
Zingaxutywa nezinto ezisisiseko (izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezongezelelweyo) okanye zibotshelelwe kuzo ngeekhemikhali (izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisebenzayo). Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezineminerali zihlala ziyongezwa ngelixa izinto eziphilayo zinokuba zezongezelelweyo okanye ezongezelelo.
Uyilo lwe-Adhesive ethintela umlilo
Umlilo unezigaba ezine:
Ukuqaliswa
Ukukhula
ILizwe eliQinileyo, kunye
Ukubola
Ukuthelekiswa kwamaqondo obushushu okubola kwe-Tranmoset Adhesive eqhelekileyo
Nabo Bafikelelwe Ngamanqanaba Ahlukeneyo Omlilo
Imeko nganye ineqondo lobushushu elihambelanayo lokuwohloka njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso. Xa kuyilwa iglu ethintela umlilo, abenzi beefomyula kufuneka basebenzise amandla abo ekunikezeni ukumelana nobushushu kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lomlilo lokusetyenziswa:
● Kwimveliso ye-elektroniki, umzekelo, i-glue kufuneka icinezele naluphi na uhlobo lwento ye-elektroniki yokutshisa - okanye iqalise - ukuba kukho ukunyuka kobushushu okubangelwa yimpazamo.
● Kwiithayile okanye kwiiphaneli zokubopha, izincamathelisi kufuneka zimelane nokuqhekeka kwizigaba zokukhula kunye nemeko eqinileyo, nokuba zidibene ngqo nelangatye.
● Kufuneka zinciphise iigesi ezinobuthi kunye nomsi ophumayo. Izakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo zinokwenzeka ukuba zibe namava kuzo zonke izigaba ezine zomlilo.
Ukunciphisa uMjikelo Wokutsha
Ukuze kuncitshiswe umjikelo wokutsha, enye okanye ezininzi zeenkqubo ezinegalelo ekutshaleni kufuneka zisuswe ngenye yezi:
● Ukususa ipetroli eguquguqukayo, njengokupholisa
● Ukuveliswa komqobo wobushushu, njengokutsha, ngaloo ndlela kususa amafutha ngokunciphisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu, okanye
● Ukucima iintshukumo zetsheyini elangatyeni, njengokongeza izinto ezifanelekileyo zokususa ii-radical scavengers
Izongezo ezithintela ilangatye zenza oku ngokusebenza ngokweekhemikhali kunye/okanye ngokwasemzimbeni kwisigaba esifinyeziweyo (esiqinileyo) okanye kwisigaba segesi ngokubonelela ngomnye wale misebenzi ilandelayo:
●Abaqulunqi beeChar:Ngokwesiqhelo ziikhompawundi ze-phosphorus, ezisusa umthombo we-carbon fuel kwaye zibonelele ngomaleko wokugquma ubushushu bomlilo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokwenza i-char:
Ukutshintshwa kweempendulo zeekhemikhali ezibandakanyeka ekuboleni ukuze kukhethwe iimpendulo ezivelisa ikhabhoni endaweni ye-CO okanye i-CO2 kunye
Ukwenziwa komaleko womphezulu we-char ekhuselayo
●Izifunxi-bushushu:Ngokwesiqhelo i-metal hydrates, efana ne-aluminium trihydrate okanye i-magnesium hydroxide, esusa ubushushu ngokuphuma kwamanzi kwisakhiwo se-flame retardant.
●Izicimi-mlilo:Ngokwesiqhelo ziinkqubo ze-halogen ezisekwe kwi-bromine okanye kwi-chlorine eziphazamisana neempendulo elangatyeni.
● Abantu abasebenzisanayo:Ngokwesiqhelo ziikhompawundi ze-antimony, eziphucula ukusebenza kwesicima-mlilo.
Ukubaluleka kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye ekukhuseleni umlilo
Izinto ezithintela umlilo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhusela umlilo kuba azinciphisi nje kuphela umngcipheko wokuqala komlilo, kodwa zikwanciphisa nomngcipheko wokusasazeka kwawo. Oku kwandisa ixesha lokubaleka, ngaloo ndlela kukhusela abantu, impahla kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Zininzi iindlela zokumisela iglu njengento ethintela umlilo. Masiqonde ngokweenkcukacha indlela ezihlulwe ngayo izinto ezithintela umlilo.
Imfuneko yezincamathelisi ezithintela umlilo iyanda kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwandisa imizekelo eyahlukeneyo yamacandelo oshishino kuquka i-aerospace, ulwakhiwo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezothutho lukawonke-wonke (ingakumbi oololiwe).
1: Ngoko ke, enye yeendlela eziphambili ezicacileyo kukumelana nomlilo/ukungatshi okanye, okungcono nangakumbi, ukuthintela amalangatye – athintela umlilo ngokufanelekileyo.
2: I-adhesive akufuneki ikhuphe umsi ogqithisileyo okanye onetyhefu.
3: I-adhesive kufuneka igcine ulwakhiwo lwayo lusemgangathweni kubushushu obuphezulu (ibe nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka).
4: Izinto zokuncamathelisa ezibolileyo akufuneki zibe neemveliso ezinobungozi.
Kubonakala ngathi kunzima ukuza neglu enokuhlangabezana nezi mfuno - kwaye kweli nqanaba, i-viscosity, umbala, isantya sokulungisa kunye nendlela ekhethwayo yokulungisa, ukuzaliswa kwesithuba, ukusebenza kwamandla, ukuqhuba kobushushu, kunye nokupakishwa akukacingelwa. Kodwa iingcali zekhemistri zophuhliso zinandipha umngeni olungileyo ngoko ke ZISENI!
Imithetho yendalo idla ngokuba yeyoshishino kunye neyommandla
Iqela elikhulu lezinto ezithintela amalangabi ezifundweyo lifunyenwe lineprofayili entle yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo. Ezi zezi:
● I-Ammonium polyphosphate
● I-aluminiyam diethylphosphinate
● I-aluminium hydroxide
● I-Magnesium hydroxide
● I-Melamine polyphosphate
● I-Dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene
● I-stannate yeZinc
● I-zinc hydroxstannate
Ukulibaziseka kwelangatye
Izincamathelisi zinokuphuhliswa ukuze zihambelane nomlinganiselo otyibilikayo wokuthintela umlilo – nazi iinkcukacha zohlelo lovavanyo lweLebhu yabaQinisekisi. Njengabenzi bezincamathelisi, sibona izicelo ikakhulu ze-UL94 V-0 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ze-HB.
UL94
● HB: ukutsha kancinci kwisampuli ethe tye. Izinga lokutsha <76mm/min ubukhulu <3mm okanye ukuyeka ukutsha ngaphambi kwe-100mm
● V-2: (ngokuthe nkqo) ukutsha kuyayeka kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwama-30 kwaye naziphi na iidriphu zisenokuba zivutha
● V-1: (ngokuthe nkqo) ukutshisa kuyayeka kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwama-30, kwaye iidriphu ziyavunyelwa (kodwa kufunekahayiukuba kutsha)
● Ukutshisa kwe-V-0 (ngokuthe nkqo) kuyayeka kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwe-10, kwaye iidriphu ziyavunyelwa (kodwa kufunekahayiukuba kutsha)
● Ukutsha kwe-5VB (isampuli yeplaque ethe nkqo) kuyayeka kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwama-60, akukho mathontsi; isampuli inokuthi iphume umngxuma.
● 5VA njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla kodwa akuvumelekanga ukuba kubekho umngxuma.
Ezi ndlela zimbini zokugqibela zokuhlelwa ziya kubhekisa kwiphaneli edibeneyo endaweni yesampuli yeglue.
Uvavanyo lulula kakhulu kwaye alufuni zixhobo zintsonkothileyo, nantsi indlela yokuseta uvavanyo olusisiseko:
Kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukwenza olu vavanyo kwezinye izincamathelisi zodwa. Ingakumbi kwizincamathelisi ezingayi kuphola kakuhle ngaphandle kwejoyinti evaliweyo. Kule meko, ungavavanya kuphela phakathi kwezincamathelisi ezidityanisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iglue ye-epoxy kunye nezincamathelisi ze-UV zinokuphola njengesampuli yovavanyo eqinileyo. Emva koko, faka isampuli yovavanyo emihlathini yesitendi se-clamp. Gcina ibhakethi yesanti kufutshane, kwaye sicebisa kakhulu ukuba wenze oku phantsi kokukhupha okanye kwikhabhathi yomlilo. Musa ukucima naziphi na izilumkiso zomsi! Ingakumbi ezo ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwiinkonzo zongxamiseko. Bamba isampuli ivutha kwaye uqikelele ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ilangatye licime. Jonga ukuba kukho naziphi na iidriphu ngaphantsi (ngethemba, unetreyi elahlwayo kwindawo leyo; kungenjalo, sala kakuhle i-worktop entle).
Iingcali zekhemistri ezincamathelayo zidibanisa inani lezongezo ukwenza izincamathelisi ezithintela umlilo - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zicime amalangatye (nangona olu phawu kunzima ukulufezekisa kule mihla njengoko abavelisi abaninzi bempahla ngoku becela iifomyula ezingenayo i-halogen).
Izongezo zezinto zokuncamathelisa ezingatshiyo ziquka
● Iikhompawundi ezibumba itshari yendalo ezinceda ekunciphiseni ubushushu nokutsha komsi kwaye zikhusele izinto ezingaphantsi ekutshiseni ngakumbi.
● Izifunxi-bushushu, ezi zii-hydrate zesinyithi eziqhelekileyo ezinceda ukunika i-adhesive iipropati ezintle zobushushu (rhoqo, izincamathelisi ezithintela umlilo zikhethwa ukuze zisetyenziswe ekufakeni i-heat sink bonding apho kufuneka umbane ophezulu).
Lulungelelwano olucokisekileyo kuba ezi zongezo ziya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye iimpawu zokuncamathelisa ezifana namandla, i-rheology, isantya sokuphiliswa, ukuguquguquka njl.
Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwezinto zokuncamathelisa ezimelana nomlilo kunye nezinto zokuncamathelisa ezithintela umlilo?
Ewe! Ikho. Omabini la magama axutyushwe kwinqaku, kodwa mhlawumbi kungcono ukuyichaza kakuhle le nto.
Izincamathelisi ezimelana nomlilo
Ezi mveliso zihlala zifana neesamente ezincamathelayo ezingaphiliyo kunye nezitywini. Azitshi kwaye ziyamelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Usetyenziso lwezi ntlobo zeemveliso luquka, ii-blast furnaces, ii-ovens njl. Azenzi nto ukuthintela ukutsha kwendibano. Kodwa zenza umsebenzi omhle wokubamba zonke iindawo ezitshayo kunye.
Izincamathelisi ezithintela umlilo
Ezi zinceda ekucimeni amalangatye kwaye zinciphise ukusasazeka komlilo.
Amashishini amaninzi afuna olu hlobo lwezincamathelisi
● Izixhobo zombane– zokufaka izinto zombane ezifakwe kwiimbiza nokufaka kwiikhabhathi, izinki zobushushu ezibophayo, iibhodi zesekethe njl. Isekethe emfutshane ye-elektroniki inokubangela umlilo ngokulula. Kodwa ii-PCB ziqulathe izinto ezithintela umlilo – kubalulekile ukuba nezincamathelisi nazo zibe nezi mpawu.
● Ulwakhiwo– uphahla kunye nophahla (ingakumbi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke) kudla ngokuba akufuneki kutshiswe kwaye kudityaniswe neglue ethintela umlilo.
● Uthutho lukawonke-wonke– iinqwelo zikaloliwe, ingaphakathi leebhasi, iitram njl. Usetyenziso lwezincamathelisi ezithintela ilangatye luquka iiphaneli ezidityanisiweyo zokubopha, umgangatho, kunye nezinye izinto ezifakelwayo kunye nezixhobo. Izincamathelisi azincedi nje kuphela ekumiseni ukusasazeka komlilo. Kodwa zibonelela ngokudibanisa okuhle ngaphandle kwesidingo sezincamathelisi zoomatshini ezingabukekiyo (nezingashukumiyo).
● Iinqwelo-moya– njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, izinto zangaphakathi zekhabhathi ziphantsi kwemithetho engqongqo. Kufuneka zingacimi umlilo kwaye zingazalisi ikhabhathi ngomsi omnyama xa kutsha.
Imigangatho kunye neendlela zovavanyo zezinto ezithintela ilangatye
Imigangatho enxulumene novavanyo lomlilo ijolise ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwento ethile ngokubhekiselele kumlilo, umsi, kunye nobuthi (FST). Uvavanyo oluninzi luye lwasetyenziswa kakhulu ukumisela ukumelana kwezinto kwezi meko.
Iimvavanyo ezikhethiweyo zabaThinteli bomlilo
| Ukuxhathisa Ukutsha | |
| I-ASTM D635 | "Izinga lokutshiswa kweeplastiki" |
| I-ASTM E162 | "Ukutsha kwezinto zeplastiki" |
| UL 94 | "Ukutsha kwezinto zeplastiki" |
| I-ISO 5657 | "Ukungatshiseki Kweemveliso Zezakhiwo" |
| I-BS 6853 | "Ukusasazwa kweLanga" |
| UKUDE 25.853 | "Umgangatho Wokufaneleka Komoya - Izinto Zangaphakathi Zegumbi" |
| I-NF T 51-071 | "Isalathisi seOksijini" |
| I-NF C 20-455 | "Uvavanyo lwe-Glow Wire" |
| I-DIN 53438 | "Ukusasazwa kweLanga" |
| Ukuchasana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu | |
| BS 476 Icandelo Nombolo 7 | "Umphezulu weLanga - Izinto zokwakha" |
| I-DIN 4172 | "Iindlela Zokusebenza Kwezinto Zokwakha Ezisebenzisa Umlilo" |
| I-ASTM E648 | "Iingubo zomgangatho - Iphaneli ekhazimlayo" |
| Ubuthi | |
| I-SMP 800C | "Uvavanyo lweTyhefu" |
| I-BS 6853 | "Ukukhutshwa komsi" |
| I-NF X 70-100 | "Uvavanyo lweTyhefu" |
| I-ATS 1000.01 | “Ubuninzi bomsi” |
| Ukuveliswa komsi | |
| I-BS 6401 | "Ubuninzi boMsi obucacileyo" |
| I-BS 6853 | "Ukukhutshwa komsi" |
| I-NES 711 | "Isalathisi seemveliso zokutsha komsi" |
| I-ASTM D2843 | “Ubuninzi bomsi obuvela kwiiplastiki ezitshayo” |
| I-ISO CD5659 | "Ubuninzi obuthile bokuKhangela - Ukuveliswa komsi" |
| I-ATS 1000.01 | “Ubuninzi bomsi” |
| I-DIN 54837 | "Isizukulwana Somsi" |
Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa ukutsha
Kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ezilinganisa ukumelana nokutsha, izincamathelisi ezifanelekileyo zezo zingaqhubeki zitsha ixesha elide emva kokususwa komthombo wokutsha. Kwezi mvavanyo, isampuli yesincamathelisi esinyangiweyo isenokutsha ngaphandle kokuba inamathele (isincamathelisi sivavanywa njengefilimu yasimahla).
Nangona le ndlela ingalingisi inyani esebenzayo, inika ulwazi oluluncedo malunga nokumelana kweglue ekutshiseni.
Izakhiwo zesampulu ezine-adhesive kunye ne-adhesive nazo zingavavanywa. Ezi ziphumo zingabonakalisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-adhesive emlilweni wokwenyani kuba igalelo elinikezelwa yi-adhesive linokuba lihle okanye libi.
Uvavanyo lokutsha oluthe nkqo lwe-UL-94
Ibonelela ngovavanyo lokuqala lokutsha nokuvuza kweepolymers ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zombane, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ijongana neempawu zokusetyenziswa komlilo, izinga lokutsha, ukusasazeka komlilo, igalelo lamafutha, ubukhali bokutsha, kunye neemveliso zokutsha.
Ukusebenza Nokuseta - Kolu vavanyo, isampuli yefilimu okanye ye-substrate egqunyiweyo ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo kwindawo engenamoya. Isitya sibekwa phantsi kwesampuli imizuzwana eli-10 kwaye ixesha lokutsha liyanqunyanyiswa. Nakuphi na ukuvuza okuvuthayo komqhaphu wotyando obekwe kwiisentimitha ezili-12 ngaphantsi kwesampuli kuyaphawulwa.
Olu vavanyo luneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula:
94 V-0: Akukho sampuli inokutsha okuvuthayo kangangemizuzwana engaphezu kwe-10 emva kokutsha. Iisampuli azitshi zifikelele kwi-holding clamp, azitshisi kwaye azivuthi umqhaphu, okanye zibe nokutsha okukhanyayo okuhlala imizuzwana engama-30 emva kokususwa kwedangatye lovavanyo.
94 V-1: Akukho sampuli iya kuba nokutsha okuvuthayo kangangemizuzwana engaphezu kwama-30 emva kokutsha ngakunye. Iisampuli azitshi zide ziye kwi-holding clamp, azitshisi kwaye azivuthi umqhaphu, okanye zibe nokukhanya okungasemva okungaphezulu kwemizuzwana engama-60.
94 V-2: Oku kubandakanya imiqathango efanayo ne-V-1, ngaphandle kokuba iisampuli zivunyelwe ukuba zithontsize kwaye zivuthe umqhaphu ongaphantsi kwesampuli.
Amanye amaqhinga okulinganisa ukumelana nokutsha
Enye indlela yokulinganisa ukumelana nokutsha kwezinto kukulinganisa i-limiting oxygen index (LOI). I-LOI luxinzelelo oluncinci lweoksijini oluchazwa njengepesenti yomthamo womxube weoksijini kunye ne-nitrogen oxhasa ukutsha okuvuthayo kwezinto ekuqaleni kubushushu begumbi.
Ukumelana kweglue kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu xa kutsha umlilo kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ngaphandle kwefuthe lomlilo, umsi, kunye nefuthe letyhefu. Rhoqo iglue iyayikhusela iglue emlilweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iglue iyakhululeka okanye yonakale ngenxa yobushushu bomlilo, ijoyinti inokungaphumeleli ibangele ukwahlulwa kweglue kunye neglue. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iglue ngokwayo iyavezwa kunye neglue yesibini. Ezi ndawo zintsha zinokuba negalelo ngakumbi emlilweni.
Igumbi loxinano lomsi le-NIST (ASTM D2843, BS 6401) lisetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iindawo zoshishino ukumisela umsi oveliswa zizinto eziqinileyo kunye neendibano ezifakwe kwindawo ethe nkqo ngaphakathi kwigumbi elivaliweyo. Uxinano lomsi lulinganiswa ngokubonakalayo.
Xa iglu ibekwe phakathi kweziseko ezimbini, ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu kweziseko kulawula ukubola kunye nokukhutshwa komsi kweglu.
Kwiimvavanyo zobuninzi bomsi, izincamathelisi zingavavanywa zodwa njengengubo ekhululekileyo ukuze kubekwe imeko embi kakhulu.
Fumana iBanga eliLungeleyo leFlame eliLungeleyo elifanelekileyo
Jonga uluhlu olubanzi lweeklasi ezithintela ilangatye ezikhoyo kwimarike namhlanje, hlalutya idatha yobugcisa yemveliso nganye, ufumane uncedo lobugcisa okanye ucele iisampulu.
I-TF-101, i-TF-201, i-TF-AMP
