Intshayelelo kwii-Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants zeNylon

Intshayelelo kwii-Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants zeNylon

Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwi-nitrogen zibonakaliswa bubuthi obuphantsi, ukungaboli, ukuzinza kobushushu kunye ne-UV, ukusebenza kakuhle kokungaboli, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zazo ziquka ubunzima bokucubungula kunye nokusasazeka kakubi kwi-polymer matrix. Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwi-nitrogen eziqhelekileyo kwi-nylon ziquka i-MCA (melamine cyanurate), i-melamine, kunye ne-MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Indlela yokuthintela umlilo ibandakanya iinkalo ezimbini:

1. Indlela Yokusebenza Yokwenziwa Kwe-“Sublimation and Endothermic”: I-flame retardant inciphisa ubushushu bomphezulu wezinto zepolymer kwaye iyazahlula emoyeni ngokusebenzisa i-sublimation kunye nokufunxwa kobushushu.
2. Indlela Yokwenza I-Catalytic Carbonation kunye ne-Intumescent kwiSigaba Esixineneyo: I-flame retardant isebenzisana ne-nylon, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-carbonization ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokwandiswa.

I-MCA ibonisa imisebenzi emibini kwinkqubo yokuthintela umlilo, ikhuthaza zombini i-carbonization kunye ne-foam. Indlela yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-nylon. Izifundo kwi-MCA kunye ne-MPP kwi-PA6 kunye ne-PA66 zibonisa ukuba ezi zithinteli zomlilo zibangela ukudibanisa kwi-PA66 kodwa zikhuthaza ukuwohloka kwi-PA6, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni ngcono kwe-PA66 kune-PA6.

1. I-Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

I-MCA yenziwe nge-melamine kunye ne-cyanuric acid emanzini, yenze i-hydrogen-bond adduct. Yinto egqwesileyo engena-halogen, engenatyhefu ingako, kwaye ayinamsi omninzi esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-nylon polymers. Nangona kunjalo, i-MCA yendabuko inendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu (ibola kwaye inyibilike ngaphezulu kwama-400°C) kwaye inokuxutywa kuphela nee-resins kwimo yamasuntswana aqinileyo, okukhokelela ekusasazekeni okungalinganiyo kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana amakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flame-retardant. Ukongeza, i-MCA isebenza ngokuyintloko kwisigaba segesi, okubangela ukwakheka kwe-char ephantsi kunye nee-carbon layers ezikhululekileyo, ezingakhuseliyo ngexesha lokutsha.

Ukujongana nale micimbi, iteknoloji ye-molecular composite isetyenziswe ukuguqula i-MCA ngokungenisa i-complementary flame-retardant additive (WEX), ehlisa i-melting point ye-MCA, ivumela ukunyibilika kunye nokusasazwa kwe-ultra-fine nge-PA6. I-WEX ikwaphucula ukwakheka kwe-char ngexesha lokutsha, iphucula umgangatho womaleko wekhabhoni kwaye iqinise isiphumo se-condensed-phase flame-retardant ye-MCA, ngaloo ndlela ivelise izinto ezithintela umlilo ezisebenza kakuhle.

2. I-Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)

I-IFR yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuthintela umlilo engenalo i-halogen. Iingenelo zayo ngaphezu kwe-halogenated flame retardants ziquka ukukhutshwa komsi okuncinci kunye nokukhululwa kwegesi engenabungozi ngexesha lokutsha. Ngaphezu koko, umaleko we-char owenziwe yi-IFR unokufunxa i-polymer enyibilikisiweyo, etshayo, ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokusasazeka komlilo.

Izinto eziphambili ze-IFR ziquka:

• Umthombo wegesi (iikhompawundi ezisekwe kwi-melamine)
• Umthombo we-asidi (i-phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants)
• Umthombo wekhabhoni (inayiloni ngokwayo)
• Izongezo ezisebenzisanayo (umz., i-zinc borate, i-aluminium hydroxide) kunye nee-anti-dripping agents.

Xa umlinganiselo wobunzima be-phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants kwi-melamine-based compounds ungo:

• Ngaphantsi kwe-1%: Isiphumo sokungalali kakuhle.
• Ngaphezulu kwe-30%: Ukuguquguquka kwenzeka ngexesha lokucubungula.
• Phakathi kwe-1%–30% (ingakumbi i-7%–20%): Ukusebenza kakuhle okuthintela umlilo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukuqhubekeka kokusebenza.

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