Ibhodi ye-polystyrene ekhutshiweyo (i-XPS) sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni izakhiwo, kwaye iimpawu zayo zokungatshisi umlilo zibalulekile kukhuseleko lwezakhiwo. Uyilo lwendlela yokwenziwa kwezinto ezithintela umlilo kwi-XPS lufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-flame retardant, ukusebenza kakuhle, iindleko, kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho uyilo oluneenkcukacha kunye nenkcazo yeendlela zokuthintela umlilo kwi-XPS, eziquka zombini izisombululo ze-halogenated kunye ne-halogen-free flame retardant.
1. Imigaqo yoYilo lwee-XPS Flame Retardant Formulations
Eyona nto iphambili kwi-XPS yi-polystyrene (PS), kwaye utshintsho lwayo oluthintela ilangatye lwenziwa ngokuyintloko ngokongeza izinto ezithintela ilangatye. Uyilo lwefomyula kufuneka luhambelane nale migaqo ilandelayo:
- Ukuthintela ilangatye okuphezulu: Hlangana nemigangatho yokuthintela umlilo kwizixhobo zokwakha (umz., GB 8624-2012).
- Ukusebenza kokucubungula: Isithinteli-langatye akufuneki sichaphazele kakhulu inkqubo yokugqwala kunye nokubumba kwe-XPS.
- Ubuhlobo nokusingqongileyo: Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen kufuneka zibekwe phambili ukuze zithobele imithetho yokusingqongileyo.
- Ulawulo lweendleko: Nciphisa iindleko ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza.
2. Ukwenziwa kwe-XPS ethintela ilangatye eHalogenated Flame Retardant
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezifakwe i-halogenated (umz., ezifakwe i-brominated) ziphazamisa ukusabela kwe-combustion chain ngokukhupha ii-halogen radicals, zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwe-flame retardant kodwa zibeka umngcipheko kwindalo nakwimpilo.
(1) Ulwakhiwo lweFomu:
- I-Polystyrene (PS): 100phr (i-resin esisiseko)
- I-Brominated flame retardant: 10–20phr (umz., i-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) okanye i-polystyrene ene-brominated)
- I-Antimony trioxide (intsebenziswano): 3–5phr (iphucula isiphumo sokungalali ilangatye)
- Iarhente yokufefa: 5–10phr (umz., ikharbon diokside okanye ibutane)
- Umsasazi: 1–2phr (umz., i-polyethylene wax, iphucula ukusasazeka kwe-flame retardant)
- Isithambisi: 1–2phr (umz., i-calcium stearate, ephucula ukutyibilika kwe-processing)
- I-Antioxidant: 0.5–1 inxalenye (umz., 1010 okanye 168, ithintela ukonakala ngexesha lokucubungula)
(2) Indlela Yokucubungula:
- I-Premix PS resin, i-flame retardant, i-synergist, i-dispersant, i-lubricant, kunye ne-antioxidant ngokulinganayo.
- Yongeza i-ejenti yokwenza igwebu kwaye unyibilikise i-melt-blend kwi-extruder.
- Lawula ubushushu bokukhupha i-extrusion kwi-180–220°C ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-foam kunye ne-molding zisebenza kakuhle.
(3) Iimpawu:
- Iingenelo: Ukusebenza kakuhle kokurhoxisa umlilo, isixa esiphantsi sokongeza, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
- Iingxaki: Ingavelisa iigesi ezinobuthi (umz., i-hydrogen bromide) ngexesha lokutsha, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki zokusingqongileyo.
3. Ukwenziwa kwe-XPS ethintela i-Halogen-Free Flame Retardant
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen (umz., ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus, ezisekelwe kwi-nitrogen, okanye ii-hydroxide ezingaphiliyo) zigcina ilangatye lipholile ngokufunxa ubushushu okanye ukwenza iileya zokukhusela, nto leyo enika ukusebenza ngcono kokusingqongileyo.
(1) Ulwakhiwo lweFomu:
- I-Polystyrene (PS): 100phr (i-resin esisiseko)
- I-flame retarder esekwe kwi-phosphorus: 10–15phr (umz.,i-ammonium polyphosphate (APP)okanye i-phosphorus ebomvu)
- I-retarder yomlilo esekelwe kwi-nitrogen: 5–10phr (umz., i-melamine cyanurate (MCA))
- i-hydroxide engaphiliyo: 20–30phr (umz., i-magnesium hydroxide okanye i-aluminium hydroxide)
- Iarhente yokufefa: 5–10phr (umz., ikharbon diokside okanye ibutane)
- Umsasazi: 1–2phr (umz., i-polyethylene wax, iphucula ukusasazeka kwayo)
- Isithambisi: 1–2phr (umz., i-zinc stearate, iphucula ukutyibilika kwe-processing)
- I-Antioxidant: 0.5–1 inxalenye (umz., 1010 okanye 168, ithintela ukonakala ngexesha lokucubungula)
(2) Indlela Yokucubungula:
- I-Premix PS resin, i-flame retardant, i-dispersant, i-lubricant, kunye ne-antioxidant ngokulinganayo.
- Yongeza i-ejenti yokwenza igwebu kwaye unyibilikise i-melt-blend kwi-extruder.
- Lawula ubushushu bokukhupha i-extrusion kwi-180–210°C ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-foam kunye ne-molding zisebenza kakuhle.
(3) Iimpawu:
- Iingenelo: Ilungele okusingqongileyo, akukho gesi zinobuthi eziveliswayo ngexesha lokutsha, ithobela imithetho yokusingqongileyo.
- Iingxaki: Ukusebenza okuphantsi kokurhoxisa ilangabi, ubuninzi bezongezo, kunokuchaphazela iipropati zoomatshini kunye nokusebenza kwe-foam.
4. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuYilo loYilo loBuchule
(1) Ukhetho oluthintela ilangatye
- Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezineHalogenated: Ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa kuzisa iingozi kwindalo nakwimpilo.
- Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo iHalogen: Inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kodwa ifuna ubuninzi bezongezo.
(2) Ukusetyenziswa kwamaSynergists
- I-antimony trioxide: Isebenza ngokubambisana nezithinteli zomlilo ezine-halogenated ukuze iphucule kakhulu ukuthintelwa komlilo.
- Ukusebenzisana kwe-phosphorus-nitrogen: Kwiinkqubo ezingenayo i-halogen, izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus kunye ne-nitrogen zinokusebenzisana ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
(3) Ukusasazeka kunye nokuSebenza
- Izisasazi: Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ezithintela ilangatye zisasazeke ngokulinganayo ukuze kuthintelwe ubuninzi obuphezulu bendawo.
- Izinto zokuthambisa: Phucula ukutyibilika kokucubungula kwaye unciphise ukuguguleka kwezixhobo.
(4) Ukukhethwa kweArhente yokuGweba
- Izinto zokufaka amagwebu ngokwasemzimbeni: Ezifana ne-CO₂ okanye i-butane, zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye zinemiphumo emihle yokufutha.
- Iiarhente zekhemikhali zokufaka amagwebu: Ezifana ne-azodicarbonamide (AC), zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekukhupheni amagwebu kodwa zinokuvelisa iigesi eziyingozi.
(5) Ii-Antioxidants
Thintela ukonakala kwezinto ngexesha lokucubungula kwaye womeleze uzinzo lwemveliso.
5. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
- Ubushushu besakhiwo: Isetyenziswa kwiindonga, uphahla, kunye neengqimba zokugquma umgangatho.
- Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-Cold chain: Ubushushu bokugcina izinto ezibandayo kunye nezithuthi ezifrijini.
- Ezinye iintsimi: Izinto zokuhombisa, izinto zokuthintela isandi, njl.njl.
6. Iingcebiso zokuphucula ukwenziwa kwefomyula
(1) Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokungatshisi ilangatye
- Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezixutyiweyo: Ezifana ne-halogen-antimony okanye i-phosphorus-nitrogen synergies ukuphucula ukulibaziseka komlilo.
- Izinto ezithintela ilangatye le-nano: Ezifana ne-nano magnesium hydroxide okanye i-nano clay, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa zinciphisa izixa zezongezo.
(2) Ukuphucula iiPropati zoomatshini
- Iiarhente zokuqinisa: Ezifana ne-POE okanye i-EPDM, ziphucula ukuqina kwezinto kunye nokumelana neempembelelo.
- Ukuqinisa izizalisi: Ezifana neefayibha zeglasi, eziqinisa amandla nokuqina.
(3) Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko
- Lungiselela iireyithingi ezithintela ilangatye: Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno ezithintela ilangatye.
- Khetha izixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu: Ezifana nezinto ezithintela ilangatye zasekhaya okanye ezixutyiweyo.
7. Iimfuneko zeNdalo kunye neMithetho
- Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezineHalogenated: Ithintelwe yimigaqo efana neRoHS kunye neREACH; sebenzisa ngononophelo.
- Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo iHalogen: Thobela imithetho yokusingqongileyo kwaye umele iindlela ezizayo.
Isishwankathelo
Uyilo lwendlela yokwenziwa kwezinto ezithintela umlilo kwi-XPS kufuneka lusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zomthetho, kukhethwe phakathi kwezinto ezithintela umlilo ezingenayo i-halogen okanye ezingenayo i-halogen. Izinto ezithintela umlilo ezingenayo i-halogen zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kodwa zibangela iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, ngelixa izinto ezithintela umlilo ezingenayo i-halogen zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kodwa zifuna izixa eziphezulu zokongeza. Ngokwenza ngcono iindlela kunye neenkqubo, i-XPS esebenza kakuhle, enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye engabizi kakhulu inokwenziwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufakelwa kwesakhiwo kunye nezinye iindawo.
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Ixesha leposi: Meyi-23-2025
