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Ukuguqulwa kweFomulo yesikhumba sePVC esingenalo iHalogen-Free Flame Retardant

Ukuguqulwa kweFomulo yesikhumba sePVC esingenalo iHalogen-Free Flame Retardant

Intshayelelo

Umthengi uvelisa isikhumba sePVC esigcina ilangabi kunye ne-antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) esele isetyenziswe ngaphambili. Ngoku bajonge ukususa i-Sb₂O₃ baze batshintshele kwi-halogen-free flame retardants. Le fomyula yangoku iquka i-PVC, i-DOP, i-EPOXY, i-BZ-500, i-ST, i-HICOAT-410, kunye ne-antimony. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-PVC-based antimony-based leather form ukuya kwinkqubo ye-halogen-free flame-retardant kubonisa uphuculo olukhulu lobuchwepheshe. Olu tshintsho aluhambelani nje kuphela nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo engqongqo ngakumbi (umz., i-RoHS, i-REACH) kodwa lukwaphucula umfanekiso "oluhlaza" wemveliso kunye nokukhuphisana kwimarike.

Imingeni ephambili

  1. Ukulahleka kwesiphumo sokusebenzisana:
    • I-Sb₂O₃ ayisiyonto inamandla yokuthintela ilangatye ngokwayo kodwa ibonisa iziphumo ezintle zokuthintela ilangatye ngokusebenzisa i-chlorine kwi-PVC, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Ukususa i-antimony kufuna ukufumana enye inkqubo engenalo i-halogen ephinda le ndlela yokuthintela ilangatye.
  2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuBuyiselwa yiLanga:
    • Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen zihlala zifuna ukulayisha okuphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe ukulinganiswa okulinganayo kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye (umz., i-UL94 V-0), nto leyo enokuchaphazela iimpawu zoomatshini (ukuthamba, amandla okutsalwa, ukunwebeka), ukusebenza kokucubungula, kunye neendleko.
  3. Iimpawu zesikhumba sePVC:
    • Ulusu lwePVC lufuna ukuthamba okugqwesileyo, ukuchukumisa isandla, ukugqitywa komphezulu (ukuhombisa, ukukhazimla), ukumelana nemozulu, ukumelana nokufuduka, kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi. Le fomyula intsha kufuneka igcine okanye ihambelane ngokusondeleyo nezi mpawu.
  4. Ukusebenza Kokucubungula:
    • Ubuninzi bee-fillers ezingenayo i-halogen (umz., i-ATH) bunokuchaphazela ukuhamba kwe-melt kunye nokuzinza kokucubungula.
  5. Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uhlawula iindleko:
    • Ezinye izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen zibiza kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ulungelelwano phakathi kokusebenza kunye neendleko.

Icebo Lokukhetha Iinkqubo Ezithintela Ilangatye EzingenaHalogen (zesikhumba Sokwenziwa sePVC)

1. Izinto ezithintela ilangatye eziphambili – iiHydroxide zesinyithi

  • I-Aluminium Trihydroxide (ATH):
    • Eyona ixhaphakileyo, ingabizi kakhulu.
    • Indlela yokusebenza: Ukubola kwe-Endothermic (~200°C), kukhulula umphunga wamanzi ukuze kuncitshiswe iigesi ezitshayo kunye neoksijini ngelixa kusenziwa umaleko womphezulu okhuselayo.
    • Iingxaki: Ukusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi, umthwalo ophezulu ofunekayo (40–70 phr), kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthamba, ubude, kunye nokukwazi ukucutshungulwa; ubushushu bokubola buphantsi.
  • I-Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):
    • Ubushushu obuphezulu bokubola (~340°C), bufaneleke ngakumbi kwi-PVC processing (160–200°C).
    • Iingxaki: Kufuneka umthwalo ophezulu ofanayo (40–70 phr); ixabiso eliphezulu kancinci kune-ATH; inokuba nokufunxwa komswakama okuphezulu.

Icebo:

  • Khetha i-MDH okanye umxube we-ATH/MDH (umz., 70/30) ukuze ulinganisele iindleko, ukulungelelaniswa kobushushu bokucubungula, kunye nokungakhawulezi komlilo.
  • I-ATH/MDH elungisiweyo kumphezulu (umz., edityaniswe ne-silane) iphucula ukuhambelana ne-PVC, inciphisa ukuwohloka kwepropathi, kwaye iphucula ukulibaziseka komlilo.

2. Iingcali ezithintela ilangatye

Ukunciphisa umthwalo oyintloko othintela ilangatye kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenzisana kubalulekile:

  • Izinto ezithintela ilangatye zePhosphorus-Nitrogen: Zilungele iinkqubo zePVC ezingenayo i-halogen.
    • I-Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Ikhuthaza ukutsha, yenze umaleko wokukhusela i-intumescent.
      • Qaphela: Sebenzisa amanqanaba amelana nobushushu obuphezulu (umz., iSigaba sesiBini, >280°C) ukuze uphephe ukubola ngexesha lokucubungula. Ezinye ii-APP zinokuchaphazela ukucaca kunye nokumelana namanzi.
    • I-Aluminium Diethylphosphinate (ADP): Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ilayisha kancinci (5–20 phr), ayinampembelelo ingako kwiimpawu, iyazinza kakuhle kubushushu.
      • Ingxaki: Ixabiso liphezulu.
    • Ii-Phosphate Esters (umz., i-RDP, i-BDP, i-TCPP): Zisebenza njengezinto ezithintela ilangabi ukuba likhanye.
      • Iingenelo: Indima ezimbini (i-plasticizer + i-flame retardant).
      • Iingxaki: Iimolekyuli ezincinci (umz., i-TCPP) zinokufuduka/ziguquguquke; i-RDP/BDP ine-plasticization ephantsi kune-DOP kwaye inokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi.
  • I-Zinc Borate (ZB):
    • Ixabiso liphantsi, inemisebenzi emininzi (ethintela ilangatye, ethintela umsi, ekhuthaza i-char, ethintela ukuvuza). Isebenzisana kakuhle neenkqubo ze-ATH/MDH kunye ne-phosphorus-nitrogen. Ukulayisha okuqhelekileyo: 3–10 phr.
  • I-Zinc Stannate/i-Hydroxy Stannate:
    • Izinto ezicima umsi ezigqwesileyo kunye nezinto ezithintela ilangatye, ingakumbi kwiipolymers ezine-chlorine (umz., i-PVC). Zingangena endaweni yendima ye-antimony yokusebenzisana. Umthwalo oqhelekileyo: 2–8 phr.
  • Iikhompawundi zeMolybdenum (umz., iMoO₃, iAmmonium Molybdate):
    • Izinto ezithintela umsi ezinamandla ezinentsebenziswano ethintela ilangatye. Umthwalo oqhelekileyo: 2–5 phr.
  • Izizalisi zeNano (umz., iNanoclay):
    • Umthwalo ophantsi (3–8 phr) uphucula ukulibaziseka komlilo (ukwakheka kwetsha, izinga lokukhululwa kobushushu eliphantsi) kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Ukusasazeka kubalulekile.

3. Izinto ezithintela umsi

I-PVC ivelisa umsi onzima ngexesha lokutsha. Iifomyula ezingenayo i-halogen zihlala zifuna ukucinywa komsi. I-Zinc borate, i-zinc stannate, kunye neekhompawundi ze-molybdenum zezona zikhetho zibalaseleyo.

Ukwenziwa kwe-Halogen-Free Flame Retardant okucetywayo (Ngokusekelwe kwi-Original Formulation yoMthengi)

Ithagethi: Fikelela kwi-UL94 V-0 (1.6 mm okanye ubukhulu) ngelixa ugcina ukuthamba, ukusebenziseka lula, kunye neempawu eziphambili.

Iingcamango:

  • Ulwakhiwo lokuqala:
    • I-DOP: 50–70 phr (i-plasticizer).
    • ST: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-stearic acid (i-lubricant).
    • I-HICOAT-410: Isiqinisi se-Ca/Zn.
    • I-BZ-500: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba sisithambisi/isixhobo sokulungisa (ukuqinisekisa).
    • I-EPOXY: Ioyile yesoya exutyiweyo (i-co-stabilizer/i-plasticizer).
    • I-Antimony: Sb₂O₃ (eza kususwa).

1. Isakhelo soBuchule esiCetyisiweyo (nge-resin ye-PVC ye-100 phr nganye)

Icandelo Umsebenzi Iyalayisha (phr) Amanqaku
I-PVC Resin I-polymer esisiseko 100 Ubunzima obuphakathi/obuphezulu bemolekyuli bokucubungula/iipropati ezilungelelanisiweyo.
I-Plasticizer ephambili Ukuthamba 40–60 Ukhetho A (Ixabiso/Ibhalansi Yokusebenza): I-phosphate ester engaphelelanga (umz., i-RDP/BDP, i-10–20 phr) + i-DOTP/DINP (30–50 phr). Ukhetho B (Ukubaluleka kobushushu obuphantsi): i-DOTP/DINP (50–70 phr) + i-PN ethintela ilangatye esebenza kakuhle (umz., i-ADP, i-10–15 phr). Injongo: Thelekisa ukuthamba kokuqala.
I-Primary Flame Retardant Ukungavumi komlilo, ukucima umsi 30–50 Umxube we-MDH okanye i-MDH/ATH ocociweyo phezu komhlaba (umz., 70/30). Ubunyulu obuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci beesuntswana, ucociwe phezu komhlaba. Lungisa umthwalo ukuze ulungelelanise ukutsha komlilo ekujoliswe kuwo.
Ingcali ye-PN Ukuthintela ilangatye ngokusebenza kakuhle, ukukhuthazwa kwetshari 10–20 Ukhetho 1: I-APP enobushushu obuphezulu (Isigaba sesi-2). Ukhetho 2: I-ADP (ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ukulayisha okuphantsi, iindleko eziphezulu). Ukhetho 3: Iiplastiki ze-Phosphate ester (RDP/BDP) - lungisa ukuba sele zisetyenziswa njengeeplastiki.
Isithinteli somsi/iSmoker Ukunciphisa ukutsha komlilo, ukunciphisa umsi 5–15 I-combo ecetyiswayo: i-Zinc borate (5–10 phr) + i-zinc stannate (3–8 phr). Ukhetho: i-MoO₃ (2–5 phr).
Isiqinisi seCa/Zn (HICOAT-410) Uzinzo lobushushu 2.0–4.0 Kubalulekile! Kusenokufuneka umthwalo ophezulu kancinci xa kuthelekiswa neefomyula ze-Sb₂O₃.
Ioyile yeSoya eXitshisiweyo (EPOXY) Isizinzisi esidibeneyo, iplastiki 3.0–8.0 Gcina ukuze uzinze kwaye usebenze kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Izinto zokuthambisa Uncedo lokucubungula, ukukhululwa kwesikhunta 1.0–2.5 I-ST (i-stearic acid): 0.5–1.5 phr. BZ-500: 0.5–1.0 phr (lungisa ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi). Lungiselela ukulayisha okuphezulu kwezalisa.
Uncedo Lokucubungula (umz., i-ACR) Amandla anyibilikayo, ukuhamba 0.5–2.0 Ibalulekile kwiifomyula ezigcwalisa kakhulu. Iphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nemveliso.
Ezinye izongezo Njengoko kufuneka – Izinto zokufaka imibala, izinto zokuqinisa i-UV, izinto zokubulala iintsholongwane, njl.

2. Ukwenziwa koMzekelo (Kufuneka kuphuculwe)

Icandelo Uhlobo Iyalayisha (phr)
I-PVC Resin Ixabiso le-K ~65–70 100.0
I-Plasticizer ephambili I-DOTP/DINP 45.0
I-Plasticizer yePhosphate Ester I-RDP 15.0
I-MDH Ephathwe Ngomphezulu – 40.0
I-APP yobushushu obuphezulu Isigaba sesiBini 12.0
I-Zinc Borate ZB 8.0
I-Zinc Stannate ZS 5.0
Isiqinisi seCa/Zn I-HICOAT-410 3.5
Ioyile yeSoya efakwe i-Epoxidized I-EPOXY 5.0
I-Stearic Acid ST 1.0
I-BZ-500 Isithambisi 1.0
Uncedo Lokucubungula i-ACR – 1.5
Izinto zokufaka imibala, njl. – Njengoko kufuneka

Amanyathelo Okusebenza Abalulekileyo

  1. Qinisekisa iinkcukacha zezinto eziluhlaza:
    • Cacisa ubume beekhemikhaliI-BZ-500kwayeST(qhagamshelana namaphepha edatha ababoneleli).
    • Qinisekisa ukulayisha okuchanekileyo kweDOP,I-EPOXYkunyeI-HICOAT-410.
    • Chaza iimfuno zomthengi: Ukungatshisi ilangabi ekujoliswe kuko (umz., ubukhulu be-UL94), ukuthamba (ubulukhuni), ukusetyenziswa (iimoto, ifenitshala, iingxowa?), iimfuno ezikhethekileyo (ukungatshisi kubanda, ukuzinza kwe-UV, ukuxhathisa ukurhawuzelelwa?), imida yeendleko.
  2. Khetha iiNqanaba eziThile zokuThintela ilangatye:
    • Cela iisampulu ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen ezenzelwe ulusu lwe-PVC kubaboneleli.
    • Beka phambili i-ATH/MDH ecociweyo phezu komhlaba ukuze isasazeke ngcono.
    • Kwi-APP, sebenzisa amanqanaba amelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
    • Kwi-phosphate esters, khetha i-RDP/BDP kune-TCPP xa kukho ukufuduka okuncinci.
  3. Uvavanyo kunye noLungiso lweLabhoratri:
    • Lungisa iibhetshi ezincinci ezinemithwalo eyahlukeneyo (umz., lungisa umlinganiselo we-MDH/APP/ZB/ZS).
    • Ukuxuba: Sebenzisa abaxubi abakhawulezayo (umz., iHenschel) ukuze usasazeke ngokulinganayo. Yongeza izinto ezilulwelo (iiplastiki, iziqinisi) kuqala, uze emva koko ube yimigubo.
    • Iimvavanyo zokucubungula: Vavanya izixhobo zokuvelisa (umz., umxube weBanbury + ukulinganisa). Jonga ixesha lokufakelwa kweplastiki, i-viscosity yokunyibilika, i-torque, umgangatho womphezulu.
    • Uvavanyo Lokusebenza:
      • Ukuthintela ilangatye: UL94, LOI.
      • Iimpawu zoomatshini: Ukuqina (uLwandle A), amandla okutsalwa, ubude.
      • Ukuthamba/ukuvakalelwa kwesandla: Uvavanyo lobuchule + ubulukhuni.
      • Ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi: Uvavanyo lokugoba okubandayo.
      • Uzinzo lobushushu: Uvavanyo olubomvu lwaseCongo.
      • Inkangeleko: Umbala, ukukhazimla, ukuhombisa.
      • (Ukhetho) Uxinano lomsi: Igumbi lomsi le-NBS.
  4. Ukulungisa iingxaki kunye nokulinganisela:
Khupha Isisombululo
Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo Yongeza i-MDH/ATH okanye i-APP; yongeza i-ADP; yenza ngcono i-ZB/ZS; qinisekisa ukusasazeka.
Iipropati ezimbi zoomatshini (umz., ubude obuphantsi) Nciphisa i-MDH/ATH; yonyusa i-PN synergist; sebenzisa izizalisi ezicocwe ngaphezulu; lungisa iiplastiki.
Ubunzima bokucubungula (ukuxinana okuphezulu, umphezulu ombi) Yenza ngcono izinto zokuthambisa; yonyusa i-ACR; jonga ukuxuba; lungisa amaqondo obushushu/isantya.
Ixabiso eliphezulu Yenza kube lula ukulayisha; sebenzisa imixube ye-ATH/MDH engabizi kakhulu; vavanya ezinye iindlela.
  1. Uvavanyo kunye neMveliso: Emva kokulungiswa kwelebhu, yenza uvavanyo lovavanyo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo, ukuhambelana, kunye neendleko. Khulisa kuphela emva kokuqinisekiswa.

Isiphelo

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-antimony-based ukuya kwi-halogen-free flame-retardant leather PVC kunokwenzeka kodwa kufuna uphuhliso olucwangcisiweyo. Indlela ephambili idibanisa i-metal hydroxides (ngcono i-MDH ephathwe nge-surface), i-phosphorus-nitrogen synergists (APP okanye i-ADP), kunye ne-multifunctional smoke suppressants (i-zinc borate, i-zinc stannate). Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphucula i-plasticizers, i-stabilizers, i-lubricants, kunye ne-processing aids kubalulekile.

Iindlela Zokuphumelela:

  1. Chaza iithagethi ezicacileyo kunye nemida (ukungavuthi komlilo, iipropati, ixabiso).
  2. Khetha izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen eziqinisekisiweyo (izizalisi ezicocwe ngaphezulu, i-APP enobushushu obuphezulu).
  3. Yenza uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwelabhoratri (ukuthintela ilangatye, iimpawu zalo, ukucubungula).
  4. Qinisekisa ukuba ukuxubana kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo kuyafana.

    More info., you can contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com

Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-12-2025
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