Inkqubo yokunyibilika kunye nokusasazeka kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye eliqinileyo kwiNkqubo yokuncamathelisa yePolyurethane AB

Inkqubo yokunyibilika kunye nokusasazeka kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye eliqinileyo kwiNkqubo yokuncamathelisa yePolyurethane AB

Ukuze kunyibilikiswe/kusasazwe izinto ezithintela ilangatye eziqinileyo ezifana ne-aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), i-aluminium hydroxide (ATH), i-zinc borate, kunye ne-melamine cyanurate (MCA) kwinkqubo yokuncamathelisa ye-polyurethane AB, amanyathelo aphambili abandakanya unyango lwangaphambi kwexesha, ukusasazwa kwe-stepwise, kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lokufuma. Apha ngezantsi kukho inkqubo eneenkcukacha (yeefomyula ezithintela ilangatye kakhulu; ezinye iifomyula zinokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo).

I. Imigaqo-siseko

1. “Ukunyibilika” ngokuyintloko kukusasazwa: Izinto ezithintela ilangatye eziqinileyo kufuneka zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-polyol (i-A-component) ukuze zenze ukumiswa okuzinzileyo.
2. Unyango lwangaphambi kokunyanga izinto ezithintela ilangatye: Jongana nemiba yokufunxwa komswakama, ukuhlangana, kunye nokusabela kwi-isocyanates.
3. Ukongeza ngokulandelelana: Yongeza izinto ngokulandelelana koxinano kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana ukuze uphephe uxinano oluphezulu lwendawo.
4. Ulawulo olungqongqo lokufuma: Amanzi atya i-isocyanate (-NCO) kwi-B-component, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ingabi manzi kakuhle.

II. Inkqubo yokusebenza eneenkcukacha (Isekelwe kwi-polyol yezixhobo ezili-100 kwi-A-component)

Inyathelo 1: Unyango lwangaphambi kokutshisa ilangatye (iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kwexesha)

• I-Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP, iinxalenye ezili-10):
  • Ukwambathisa umphezulu nge-arhente yokudibanisa i-silane (KH-550) okanye i-arhente yokudibanisa i-titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Xuba i-0.5 parts coupling agent + 2 parts anhydrous ethanol, udibanise imizuzu eli-10 ukuze i-hydrolysis ingasebenzi.
    • Yongeza umgubo we-AHP uze uxube ngesantya esiphezulu (1000 rpm) imizuzu engama-20.
    • Yomisa kwi-oven kwi-80°C kangangeeyure ezi-2, uze uyigcine ivaliwe.
• I-Aluminium Hydroxide (ATH, iinxalenye ezingama-25):
  • Sebenzisa i-ATH enobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-micron, eguqulwe nge-silane (umz., i-Wandu WD-WF-20). Ukuba ayitshintshwanga, phatha ngendlela efanayo ne-AHP.
• I-MCA (iinxalenye ezi-6) kunye ne-Zinc Borate (iinxalenye ezi-4):
  • Yomisa kwi-60°C kangangeeyure ezi-4 ukuze ususe umswakama, uze uyihluze kwiscreen se-300-mesh.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Inkqubo yokuSasazwa kweCandelo le-A (iCandelo lePolyol)

1. Ukuxuba isiseko:
   • Yongeza iinxalenye ezili-100 ze-polyol (umz., i-polyether polyol PPG) kwisitya esomileyo.
   • Yongeza i-0.3 parts polyether-modified polysiloxane leveling agent (umz., BYK-333).
2. Ukusasazwa Ngaphambi Kokuhamba Ngesantya Esiphantsi:
   • Yongeza izinto ezithintela ilangatye ngokulandelelana kwazo: ATH (amalungu angama-25) → AHP (amalungu ali-10) → i-zinc borate (amalungu ama-4) → i-MCA (amalungu ama-6).
   • Xuba kwi-300-500 rpm imizuzu eli-10 kude kungabikho mgubo womileyo oseleyo.
3. Ukusasazwa Okuphezulu:
   • Tshintshela kwi-disperser enesantya esiphezulu (≥1500 rpm) imizuzu engama-30.
   • Ubushushu bolawulo ≤50°C (ukuthintela i-polyol oxidation).
4. Ukusila kunye nokuCoca (Kubalulekile!):
   • Dlula kwisixhobo sokugalela esinamacala amathathu okanye ibhasikithi yesanti izihlandlo ezi-2-3 de kube bubucotha obuyi-≤30μm (buvavanywe ngeHegman gauge).
5. Ukulungiswa kunye nokuHlukana kweViscosity:
   • Yongeza iinxalenye eziyi-0.5 ze-hydrophobic fumed silica (Aerosil R202) ukuze ingahlali.
   • Yongeza iinxalenye eziyi-0.2 ze-silicone defoamer (umz., iTego Airex 900).
   • Xuba kwi-200 rpm imizuzu eli-15 ukuze ukhuphe igesi.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Unyango lwe-B-Component (Isocyanate Side)

• Yongeza iinxalenye ezi-4-6 zesihluzo semolekyuli (umz., iZeochem 3A) kwi-B-component (umz., i-MDI prepolymer) ukuze kufunxwe umswakama.
• Ukuba usebenzisa izinto ezithintela ilangatye ze-phosphorus ezingamanzi (ukhetho olune-viscosity ephantsi), xuba ngqo kwi-B-component uze uxube imizuzu eli-10.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukuxuba kunye nokuPhilisa iiComponent ze-AB

• Umlinganiselo wokuxuba: Landela uyilo lokuqala lwe-AB adhesive (umz., A:B = 100:50).
• Inkqubo yokuxuba:
  • Sebenzisa i-planetary mixer ene-dual-component okanye i-static mixing tube.
  • Xuba imizuzu emi-2-3 ide ifane (akukho ntambo).
• Iimeko zokuphilisa:
  • Ubushushu begumbi: iiyure ezingama-24 (zandiswe nge-30% ngenxa yokufunxwa kobushushu obuthintela ilangatye).
  • Ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza: 60°C/iiyure ezi-2 (qinisekisa iziphumo ezingenamaqamza).

III. Amanqaku aPhambili oLawulo lweNkqubo

IV. Iindlela Zokusasaza Ezingezinye (Ngaphandle Kwezixhobo ZokuGcada)

1. Unyango lwangaphambi kokugaya ibhola:
   • Xuba izinto ezithintela ilangatye kunye ne-polyol kumlinganiselo we-1:1, faka i-ball mill iiyure ezi-4 (iibhola ze-zirconia, ubukhulu be-2mm).
2. Indlela ye-Masterbatch:
   • Lungisa i-masterbatch ethintela ilangatye engama-50% (i-polyol njengesixhobo sokuthwala), uze uyixube ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
3. Ukusasazwa kwe-ultrasonic:
   • Faka i-ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, imizuzu eli-10) kwi-slurry exutyiweyo kwangaphambili (ifanelekile kwiibhetshi ezincinci).

V. Iingcebiso zokusetyenziswa

1. Uvavanyo oluncinci kuqala: Vavanya nge-100g ye-A-component, ugxile ekuzinzeni kwe-viscosity (utshintsho lweeyure ezingama-24 <10%) kunye nesantya sokuphiliswa.
2. Umgaqo wolandelelwano lokudibanisa okubambezelayo ilangatye:
   • “Kuqala kunzima, kuqale kube lula; kuqala kube lula, kuqale kube nzima” → ATH (kunzima) → AHP (kugqibelele) → zinc borate (phakathi) → MCA (kukhawuleze/kuqine).
3. Ukusombulula iingxaki ngexesha likaxakeka:
   • Ukwanda kwe-viscosity ngequbuliso: Yongeza i-0.5% ye-propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) ukuze uyinyibilikise.
   • Ukungavuthwa kakuhle: Yongeza i-5% ye-MDI eguquliweyo (umz., i-Wanhua PM-200) kwi-B-component.