Ukuchithwa kunye neNkqubo yokuSasazwa kweeRetardants eziqinileyo zeFlame kwi-Polyurethane AB Inkqubo yokunamathela

Ukuchithwa kunye neNkqubo yokuSasazwa kweeRetardants eziqinileyo zeFlame kwi-Polyurethane AB Inkqubo yokunamathela

Ukutshatyalaliswa / ukusasazwa kweeretardants eziqinileyo zomlilo ezifana ne-aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), i-aluminium hydroxide (ATH), i-zinc borate, kunye ne-melamine cyanurate (MCA) kwinkqubo yokunamathela ye-polyurethane AB, amanyathelo angundoqo abandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphambili, ukusasazeka kwe-stepwise, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lokufuma. Apha ngezantsi kukho inkqubo eneenkcukacha (yemixube ephezulu yokubuyiswa komlilo; ezinye iimixube zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokufanelekileyo).

I. Imigaqo Engundoqo

1. "Ukuchithwa" kubaluleke kakhulu ukusasazwa: Izithinteli zomlilo eziqinileyo kufuneka zihlakazwe ngokufanayo kwi-polyol (i-A-component) ukwenza ukunqunyanyiswa okuzinzileyo.
2. Unyango lwangaphambili lwee-retardants zomlilo: Sombulula imiba yokufunxa ukufuma, i-agglomeration, kunye nokuphinda kusebenze ngee-isocyanates.
3. Ukongezwa ngokwenyathelo: Yongeza imathiriyeli ngokulandelelana koxinaniso kunye nobungakanani bamasuntswana ukunqanda ukugxila okuphezulu kwendawo.
4. Ukulawula ukufuma okungqongqo: Amanzi asebenzisa i-isocyanate (-NCO) kwi-B-component, ekhokelela ekunyangeni kakubi.

II. Inkqubo yokuSebenza eneenkcukacha (Ngokusekwe kumalungu angama-100 e-polyol kwi-A-component)

Inyathelo loku-1: Unyango lwangaphambili lwedangatye (iiyure ezingama-24 kwangaphambili)

• IAluminiyam Hypophosphite (AHP, iinxalenye ezili-10):
  • Ukugquma komphezulu nge-agent edibanisa i-silane (KH-550) okanye i-agent edibanisa i-titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Hlanganisa i-0.5 i-agent yokudibanisa i-agent ye-2 ye-ethanol e-anhydrous, igxobhoze i-10 min ye-hydrolysis.
    • Yongeza i-AHP powder kwaye ugxobhoze ngesantya esiphezulu (1000 rpm) kwi-20 min.
    • Yomisa kwi-oven kwi-80 ° C kwiiyure ze-2, uze ugcine uvaliwe.
• IAluminiyam Hydroxide (ATH, 25 iinxalenye):
  • Sebenzisa i-submicron-size, i-silane-modified ATH (umzekelo, i-Wandu WD-WF-20). Ukuba ayilungiswanga, phatha ngokufanayo ne-AHP.
• MCA (6 iinxalenye) & Zinc Borate (4 iinxalenye):
  • Yomisa kwi-60 ° C kwiiyure ze-4 ukususa umswakama, uze uhluthe ngesikrini se-300-mesh.

Inyathelo 2: I-A-Component (i-Polyol Side) Inkqubo yokusabalalisa

1. Ukuxuba isiseko:
   • Yongeza iinxalenye ezili-100 zepolyol (umzekelo, i-polyether polyol PPG) kwisikhongozelo esomileyo.
   • Yongeza i-0.3 iinxalenye ze-polyether-modified polysiloxane leveling agent (umz., BYK-333).
2. Ukusasazwa kwangaphambili kwesantya esiphantsi:
   • Yongeza izithinteli zomlilo ngokulandelelana kwazo: i-ATH (amalungu angama-25) → i-AHP (amalungu ali-10) → i-zinc borate (amalungu ama-4) → i-MCA (amalungu ama-6).
   • Gcoba kwi-300-500 rpm kwimizuzu eyi-10 kude kube kungabikho ipowder eyomileyo.
3. Ukusasazwa kwe-High-Shear:
   • Tshintshela kwi-disperser yesantya esiphezulu (≥1500 rpm) kwi-30 min.
   • Ukulawula ukushisa ≤50 ° C (ukuthintela i-polyol oxidation).
4. UkuSila kunye nokuCociswa (Kubalulekile!):
   • Dlula kwi-mill-roll okanye i-basket mill ye-sand mill 2-3 amaxesha kude kube yi-fineness ≤30μm (ihlolwe nge-Hegman gauge).
5. Ulungelelwaniso lweViscosity & Defoaming:
   • Yongeza i-0.5 yamacandelo e-hydrophobic fumed silica (Aerosil R202) ukukhusela ukuhlala.
   • Yongeza iinxalenye ze-0.2 ze-silicone defoamer (umzekelo, iTego Airex 900).
   • Gxuma kwi-200 rpm ngemizuzu eyi-15 yokukhupha.

Inyathelo 3: I-B-Component (I-Isocyanate Side) Unyango

• Yongeza iinxalenye ze-4-6 ze-molecular sieve (umzekelo, i-Zeochem 3A) kwi-B-component (umzekelo, i-MDI prepolymer) yokufunxa ukufuma.
• Ukuba usebenzisa i-liquid phosphorus flame retardants (i-low-viscosity option), xuba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-B-component kwaye ugxobhoze i-10 min.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukuxutywa kwecandelo le-AB kunye nokuNyanga

• Umlinganiselo wokuxuba: Landela uyilo lwentsusa lokuncamathelisa lwe-AB (umzekelo, A:B = 100:50).
• Inkqubo yokuxuba:
  • Sebenzisa i-dual-component mixer yeplanethi okanye ityhubhu yokuxuba emileyo.
  • Hlanganisa i-2-3 min kude kube yinto efanayo (akukho ntambo).
• Iimeko zokunyanga:
  • Ukunyanga ubushushu begumbi: iiyure ezingama-24 (zandiswe ngama-30% ngenxa yokufunxa ubushushu obungangeni dangatye).
  • Unyango olukhawulezileyo: 60°C/2 iiyure (qinisekisa iziphumo ezingenamaqamza).

III. Amanqaku oLawulo lweNkqubo ePhambili

IV. Iindlela ezizezinye zokusasazwa (Ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokuSila)

1. Ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kokugaya ibhola:
   • Hlanganisa i-flame retardants kunye ne-polyol kwi-1: 1 isilinganiso, i-ball mill iiyure ezi-4 (iibhola ze-zirconia, ubukhulu be-2mm).
2. Indlela ye-Masterbatch:
   • Lungiselela i-50% ye-flame retardant masterbatch (i-polyol njenge-carrier), uze uhlambulule ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
3. Ukusasazwa kwe-Ultrasonic:
   • Faka isicelo se-ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, 10 min) kwi-premixed slurry (efanelekile kwiibhetshi ezincinci).

V. Iingcebiso zokuPhumeza

1. Uvavanyo oluncinci lokuqala: Uvavanyo kunye ne-100g ye-A-component, ugxininise ukuzinza kwe-viscosity (24h utshintsho <10%) kunye nesantya sokunyanga.
2. Umgaqo wokulandelelanisa ukubuyisela idangatye:
   • “Kunzima kuqala, kube nzima kamva; kuqala kuqala, kurhabaxa kamva” → I-ATH (inzima) → I-AHP (ilungile) → i-zinc borate (phakathi) → i-MCA (ilula/irhabaxa).
3. Ukusombulula ingxaki kaxakeka:
   • Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwe-viscosity: Yongeza i-0.5% ye-propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) ukuhlambulula.
   • Ukunyanga okungalunganga: Yongeza i-5% elungisiweyo ye-MDI (umzekelo, i-Wanhua PM-200) kwi-B-component.