Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus luhlobo lwezinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ezinokuthenjwa, nezisetyenziswa kakhulu eziye zafumana ingqalelo enkulu kubaphandi. Kuye kwenziwa impumelelo ephawulekayo ekuhlanganisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwazo.
1. Ukusetyenziswa kweZithinteli zomlilo ezisekelwe kwiPhosphorus kwiPP
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-polypropylene (PP) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zayo zoshishino. Nangona kunjalo, i-limited oxygen index yayo (LOI) imalunga ne-17.5% kuphela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba itsha kakhulu ngesantya sokutsha ngokukhawuleza. Ixabiso lezixhobo ze-PP kwizicelo zoshishino liphenjelelwa kukungatshazwa kwazo ngamalangatye kunye neempawu zomzimba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-microencapsulation kunye nokuguqulwa komphezulu kube yeyona ndlela iphambili kwizixhobo ze-PP ezithintela amalangatye.
Umzekelo 1: I-Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) eguqulwe nge-silane coupling agent (KH-550) kwaye isisombululo se-silicone resin ethanol sisetyenziswe kwizinto ze-PP. Xa i-mass fraction ye-APP eguquliweyo ifikelele kwi-22%, i-LOI yezinto zanda ukuya kwi-30.5%, ngelixa iimpawu zayo zoomatshini nazo zihlangabezana neemfuno kwaye zingcono kunezixhobo ze-PP ezitshatyalaliswa ngumlilo nge-APP engaguqukiyo.
Umzekelo 2: I-APP yafakwa kwiqokobhe elenziwe nge-melamine (MEL), ioyile ye-hydroxyl silicone, kunye ne-formaldehyde resin nge-polymerization ye-in-situ. Emva koko ii-microcapsules zadityaniswa ne-pentaerythritol zaza zasetyenziswa kwizinto ze-PP ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zibonakalise ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo kakuhle, zine-LOI ye-32% kunye novavanyo lokutshisa oluthe nkqo lwe-UL94 V-0. Kwanasemva konyango lokuntywiliselwa emanzini ashushu, i-composite igcine ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo kakuhle kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
Umzekelo 3: I-APP yaguqulwa ngokuyigquma nge-aluminium hydroxide (ATH), kwaye i-APP eguquliweyo yadityaniswa ne-dipentaerythritol kumlinganiselo wobunzima we-2.5:1 ukuze isetyenziswe kwizinto ze-PP. Xa iqhekeza elipheleleyo lobunzima be-flame retardant yayiyi-25%, i-LOI yafikelela kwi-31.8%, umlinganiselo we-flame retardancy wafikelela kwi-V-0, kwaye izinga lokukhululwa kobushushu eliphezulu lancitshiswa kakhulu.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kweZithinteli zomlilo ezisekelwe kwiPhosphorus kwiPS
I-Polystyrene (PS) itsha kakhulu kwaye iyaqhubeka nokutsha emva kokuba umthombo wokutsha ususiwe. Ukujongana nemiba efana nokukhululwa kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza komlilo, izinto ezithintela umlilo ezisekelwe kwi-halogen ezingena-phosphorus zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteni komlilo kwi-PS. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezithintela umlilo kwi-PS ziquka ukugquma, ukufunxa, ukubrasha, kunye nokuthintela umlilo kwinqanaba le-polymerization.
Umzekelo 1: I-adhesive equlethe i-phosphorus ethintela ilangatye kwi-PS enokwandiswa yenziwe ngendlela ye-sol-gel kusetyenziswa i-N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane kunye ne-phosphoric acid. I-adhesive PS foam ethintela ilangatye yalungiswa kusetyenziswa indlela yokugquma. Xa ubushushu bugqithe kwi-700°C, i-PS foam ephathwe nge-adhesive yenza umaleko we-char odlula kwi-49%.
Abaphandi kwihlabathi liphela bangenise izakhiwo ezithintela ilangatye ezine-phosphorus kwiikhompawundi ze-vinyl okanye ze-acrylic, ezithi emva koko zi-copolymerize nge-styrene ukuvelisa ii-copolymers ezintsha ezine-phosphorus. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-PS ecocekileyo, ii-copolymers ezine-phosphorus ezine-styrene zibonisa i-LOI ephucukileyo kakhulu kunye ne-char residue, nto leyo ebonisa uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nokunganyamezelani komlilo.
Umzekelo 2: I-vinyl-terminated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) yafakelwa kwi-main chain ye-PS nge-graft copolymerization. I-graft copolymer yabonisa ukubambezeleka komlilo ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-solid-phase. Njengoko umxholo we-VOPP wawusanda, i-LOI yanda, izinga lokukhululwa kobushushu eliphezulu kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu obupheleleyo kwehla, kwaye ukunyibilika kwe-melt kwanyamalala, okubonisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokubambezeleka komlilo.
Ukongeza, izinto ezithintela umlilo ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus ezingaphiliyo zinokudityaniswa ngeekhemikhali nezinto ezithintela umlilo ezisekelwe kwi-graphite okanye kwi-nitrogen ukuze zisetyenziswe kwi-PS yokuthintela umlilo. Iindlela zokugquma okanye zokuxubha zingasetyenziswa ukufaka izinto ezithintela umlilo ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus kwi-PS, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu i-LOI kunye ne-char residue yezinto.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwiPhosphorus kwi-PA
I-Polyamide (PA) inokutsha kakhulu kwaye ivelisa umsi omninzi ngexesha lokutsha. Ekubeni i-PA isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo, umngcipheko weengozi zomlilo uphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-amide kwikhonkco layo eliphambili, i-PA inokutsha ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, zombini izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezongeziweyo kunye nezithintelayo ezisebenzayo zisebenza kakhulu. Phakathi kwee-PA ezithintela ilangatye, iityuwa ze-alkyl phosphinate zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Umzekelo 1: I-aluminiyam isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) yongezwe kwi-PA6 matrix ukulungiselela izinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ngexesha lovavanyo lokungavuthi komlilo, i-A-MBPa yabola ngaphambi kwe-PA6, yenza umaleko wetshati oqinileyo nozinzileyo owakhusela i-PA6. Izinto zafumana i-LOI ye-26.4% kunye nomlinganiselo wokungavuthi komlilo we-V-0.
Umzekelo 2: Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-polymerization ye-hexamethylenediamine kunye ne-adipic acid, i-3 wt% ye-flame retardant bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) yongezwa ukuvelisa i-PA66 ethintela ilangabi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-PA66 ethintela ilangabi ibonakalise ukuba i-flame retardancy ephezulu xa ithelekiswa ne-PA66 eqhelekileyo, ene-LOI ephezulu kakhulu. Uhlalutyo lwe-char layer lubonise ukuba umphezulu we-char oxineneyo we-PA66 ethintela ilangabi wawunee-pores zobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyanceda ukwahlula ukudluliselwa kobushushu kunye negesi, nto leyo ebonisa ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kwe-flame retardant.
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Ixesha leposi: Agasti-15-2025
