Uhlalutyo kunye nokuphuculwa kweFomulation eRetardant Flame kwiingubo zePVC

Uhlalutyo kunye nokuphuculwa kweFomulation eRetardant Flame kwiingubo zePVC

Umthengi wenza iitente zePVC kwaye kufuneka afake i-coating ethintela ilangabi. Le fomula yangoku inamacandelo angama-60 e-PVC resin, amacandelo angama-40 e-TOTM, amacandelo angama-30 e-aluminium hypophosphite (ene-40% ye-phosphorus content), amacandelo ali-10 e-MCA, amacandelo asi-8 e-zinc borate, kunye nezisasazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwe-flame-retardant akukuhle, kwaye ukusasazeka kwe-flame retardants nako akwanelanga. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo lwezizathu kunye nohlengahlengiso olucetywayo kule fomula.

I. Izizathu Eziphambili Zokungavumi Umlilo Kakuhle

1. Inkqubo yokuGxotha ilangatye engalinganiyo eneziphumo ezibuthathaka zokusebenzisana

• I-hypophosphite ye-aluminium egqithisileyo (iinxalenye ezingama-30):
  Nangona i-aluminium hypophosphite iyinto ethintela ilangatye esebenza kakuhle esekelwe kwi-phosphorus (umthamo we-phosphorus ongama-40%), ukongezwa kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-25 yeenxalenye) kunokukhokelela koku:
• Ukwanda okukhulu kwe-viscosity yenkqubo, okwenza ukusasazeka kube nzima kwaye kwenze iindawo ezixineneyo ezikhawulezisa ukutsha (“isiphumo se-wick”).
• Ukuqina kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neempawu zokwakheka kwefilimu ezingasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yokuzalisa okugqithisileyo kwezinto ezingaphiliyo.
• Umxholo ophezulu we-MCA (iinxalenye ezili-10):
  I-MCA (esekelwe kwi-nitrogen) idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-synergist. Xa idosi idlula kwiindawo ezi-5, idla ngokufudukela kumphezulu, igcwale ukusebenza kakuhle kokungatshisi ilangabi kwaye inokuphazamisana nezinye izinto ezithintela ilangabi.
• Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi ababalulekileyo abasebenzisanayo:
  Nangona i-zinc borate inefuthe lokuthintela umsi, ukungabikho kweekhompawundi ezisekelwe kwi-antimony (umz., i-antimony trioxide) okanye i-metal oxide (umz., i-aluminium hydroxide) kuthintela ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ye-synergistic ye-"phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony", nto leyo ebangela ukunganeli kokuthintela ilangatye le-gas-phase.

2. Ukungafani phakathi kokukhethwa kwePlasticizer kunye neenjongo zokuBuyisela ilangatye

• I-TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) ayinawo amandla okubamba ilangatye aneleyo:
  I-TOTM igqwesile ekumelaneni nobushushu kodwa ayisebenzi kakuhle kakhulu ekuthinteleni ilangabi xa ithelekiswa nee-phosphate esters (umz., i-TOTP). Kwizicelo zokuthintelwa komlilo eziphezulu ezifana neengubo zetente, i-TOTM ayinakubonelela ngezakhono ezaneleyo zokutsha kunye nokuthintela i-oxygen.
• I-plasticizer eyoneleyo iyonke (iindawo ezingama-40 kuphela):
  I-resin ye-PVC idla ngokufuna iinxalenye ezingama-60–75 ze-plasticizer ukuze iplastiki igcwale. Ubungakanani be-plasticizer obuphantsi bukhokelela kwi-viscosity ephezulu yokunyibilika, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki zokusasazeka okuthintelwa lilangatye.

3. Inkqubo Yokusasaza Engasebenziyo Ekhokelela Ekusasazweni Okungalinganiyo Komlilo

• I-dispersant yangoku isenokuba luhlobo oluqhelekileyo (umz., i-stearic acid okanye i-PE wax), engasebenziyo kwi-inorganic flame retardants eziphezulu (i-aluminium hypophosphite + i-zinc borate efikelela kwiindawo ezingama-48), nto leyo ebangela:
• Ukuhlanganiswa kweesuntswana ezithintela ilangatye, okudala iindawo ezibuthathaka kwindawo egqunywe kuyo.
• Ukuhamba kakuhle kokunyibilika ngexesha lokucubungula, okuvelisa ubushushu obuncinci obubangela ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha.

4. Ukuhambelana okungekho ngqiqweni phakathi kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye kunye nePVC

• Izinto ezingaphiliyo ezifana ne-aluminium hypophosphite kunye ne-zinc borate zinomahluko omkhulu we-polarity kwi-PVC. Ngaphandle kokuguqulwa komphezulu (umz., ii-silane coupling agents), ukwahlukana kwesigaba kwenzeka, okunciphisa ukusebenza okubambezelayo komlilo.

II. Indlela yoYilo oluPhambili

1. Tshintsha iPlasticizer ePhambili ngeTOTP

• Sebenzisa amandla ayo agqwesileyo okuthintela ilangatye (umxholo we-phosphorus ≈9%) kunye nefuthe lokwenza iplastiki ibe nkulu.

2. Lungiselela iiRatios eziBambezelayo zeLanga kunye neSinergy

• Gcina i-aluminium hypophosphite njengomthombo oyintloko we-phosphorus kodwa unciphise kakhulu umthamo wayo ukuphucula ukusasazeka nokunciphisa "isiphumo se-wick."
• Gcina i-zinc borate njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokudibanisa izinto (esikhuthaza ukutsha kunye nokunciphisa umsi).
• Gcina i-MCA njengesixhobo sokudibanisa i-nitrogen kodwa yehlisa umthamo wayo ukuze uthintele ukufuduka.
• Yazisai-aluminium hydroxide ethambileyo kakhulu (ATH)njengenxalenye yemisebenzi emininzi:
• Ukungavumi komlilo:Ukubola kwe-endothermic (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni), ukupholisa, kunye nokuxutywa kweegesi ezivuthayo.
• Ukuphelisa umsi:Kunciphisa kakhulu ukuveliswa komsi.
• Isigcwalisi:Inciphisa iindleko (xa ithelekiswa nezinye izinto ezithintela amalangatye).
• Ukuphuculwa kokusasazwa kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi (umgangatho we-ultrafine):Kulula ukusasaza kune-ATH eqhelekileyo, nto leyo enciphisa ukunyuka kwe-viscosity.

3. Izisombululo Eziqinileyo Zeengxaki Zokusasazeka

• Yandisa kakhulu umxholo we-plasticizer:Qinisekisa ukuba i-PVC iplastiki ngokupheleleyo kwaye unciphise ukuxinana kwenkqubo.
• Sebenzisa ii-super-dispersants ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu:Yenzelwe ngokukodwa iipowders ezingaphiliyo ezinomthwalo omninzi, eziqokelelwa lula (i-aluminium hypophosphite, i-ATH).
• Yenza ngcono ukucubungula (ukuxuba ngaphambi kokuba kuxutywe kubalulekile):Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ezithintela ilangatye ziyamanziswa kakuhle kwaye ziyasasazwa.

4. Qinisekisa Uzinzo Olusisiseko Lokucubungula

• Yongeza izinto zokuqinisa ubushushu ezaneleyo kunye nezinto zokuthambisa ezifanelekileyo.

III. Ifomula yePVC eHlaziyiweyo ethintela ilangatye

IV. Amanqaku eFomula kunye neengongoma eziphambili

1. I-TOTP yisiseko esiphambili

• Iinxalenye ezingama-65–75iqinisekisa:
• Ukwenziwa kweplastiki epheleleyo: I-PVC ifuna iplastiki eyaneleyo ukuze kwenziwe ifilimu ethambileyo neqhubekayo.
• Ukunciphisa ukuxinana: Kubalulekile ukuphucula ukusasazeka kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenamsebenzi ezinomthwalo omninzi.
• Ukungatshisi ilangatye kwangaphakathi: I-TOTP ngokwayo yiplastiki esebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni ilangatye.

2. Intsebenziswano eBandakanya ilangatye

• Ukusebenzisana kwe-PNB-Al:I-aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) zibonelela nge-base PN synergy. I-Zinc borate (B, Zn) iphucula ukutsha kunye nokunciphisa umsi. I-Ultrafine ATH (Al) inika ukupholisa okukhulu kwe-endothermic kunye nokunciphisa umsi. I-TOTP ikwanceda nge-phosphorus. Oku kudala inkqubo ye-multi-element synergistic.
• Indima ka-ATH:Iinxalenye ezingama-25–35 ze-ultrafine ATH zinegalelo elikhulu ekuthinteleni ilangatye nasekucinezeleni umsi. Ukubola kwayo kwe-endothermic kutsala ubushushu, ngelixa umphunga wamanzi okhutshiweyo unciphisa ioksijini kunye neegesi ezivuthayo.I-ATH ecociwe kakuhle kakhulu kunye ne-ATH ephathwayo ngumphezulu ibalulekileukunciphisa impembelelo ye-viscosity kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana kwe-PVC.
• I-hypophosphite ye-aluminium encitshisiweyo:Ithotywe ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-15–20 yeenxalenye ukuze kuncitshiswe umthwalo wenkqubo ngelixa kugcinwa igalelo le-phosphorus.
• I-MCA encitshisiweyo:Yehliswa ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-4–6 yeendawo ukuze kuthintelwe ukufuduka.

3. Isisombululo sokuSasaza – Sibaluleke kakhulu kwiMpumelelo

• I-Super-dispersant (iinxalenye ezi-3–4):Ibalulekile ekuphatheni umthwalo ophezulu (iinxalenye ezingama-50–70 zezalisa ezingaphiliyo!), inkqubo enzima ukuyisasaza (i-aluminium hypophosphite + i-ultrafine ATH + i-zinc borate).Izinto ezisasaza izinto eziqhelekileyo (umz., i-calcium stearate, i-PE wax) azanelanga!Tyala imali kwii-super-dispersants ezisebenza kakuhle kwaye usebenzise izixa ezaneleyo.
• Umthamo weplastiki (iinxalenye ezingama-65–75):Njengoko kungasentla, kunciphisa ukuxinana kwayo iyonke, nto leyo edala imeko engcono yokusasazeka kwayo.
• Izinto zokuthambisa (inxalenye e-1–2):Ukudibanisa izithambiso zangaphakathi/zangaphandle kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle ngexesha lokuxuba nokugquma, okuthintela ukunamathela.

4. Ukucubungula – Iprotokholi Engqongqo Yokuxuba Ngaphambi Kokuxuba

• Inyathelo 1 (Iipowder ezingaphiliyo ezixutywe nomxube owomileyo):
• Yongeza i-aluminium hypophosphite, i-ultrafine ATH, i-zinc borate, i-MCA, kunye nazo zonke i-super-dispersant kwisixhobo sokuxuba esinesantya esiphezulu.
• Xuba kwi-80–90°C imizuzu eyi-8–10. Injongo: Qinisekisa ukuba i-super-dispersant igquma ngokupheleleyo isuntswana ngalinye, iqhekeza ii-agglomerates.Ixesha kunye nobushushu zibalulekile!
• Inyathelo lesi-2 (Ukwakheka kodaka):
• Yongeza uninzi lweTOTP (umz., 70–80%), zonke izinto ezigcina ubushushu bube shushu, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa zangaphakathi kumxube osuka kwiNyathelo 1.
• Xuba kwi-90–100°C imizuzu emi-5–7 ukuze wenze i-slurry efanayo, ethintela umlilo. Qinisekisa ukuba ii-powders zimanziswe ngokupheleleyo zii-plasticizers.
• Inyathelo lesi-3 (Yongeza i-PVC kunye nezinye izinto eziseleyo):
• Yongeza i-resin ye-PVC, i-TOTP eseleyo, ii-lubricants zangaphandle (kunye nee-antioxidants/iziqinisi ze-UV, ukuba zongeziwe kweli nqanaba).
• Xuba kwi-100–110°C imizuzu esi-7–10 ude ufikelele “kwindawo eyomileyo” (ihamba ngokukhululekileyo, akukho ziqwenga).Kuphephe ukuxuba kakhulu ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwePVC.
• Ukupholisa:Khupha umxube uze uwupholise ukuya kuthi ga kwi-<50°C ukuze ungabhidliki.

5. Ukucubungula okulandelayo

• Sebenzisa umxube owomileyo opholileyo xa usenza i-calendar okanye ugquma.
• Lawula ubushushu bokucubungula ngokungqongqo (ubushushu bokunyibilika obucetyiswayo ≤170–175°C) ukuze kuthintelwe ukusilela kokuzinzisa okanye ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye (umz., i-ATH).

V. Iziphumo ezilindelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko

• Ukungavumi komlilo:Xa kuthelekiswa nefomula yokuqala (TOTM + i-hypophosphite/MCA ene-aluminium ephezulu), le fomula ihlaziyiweyo (TOTP + i-P/N/B/Al ratios ephuculweyo) kufuneka iphucule kakhulu ukuthintela ilangatye, ingakumbi ekusebenzeni kokutsha ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokunciphisa umsi. Imigangatho ejolise kwi-CPAI-84 kwiitente. Uvavanyo oluphambili: ASTM D6413 (ukutsha ngokuthe nkqo).
• Ukusasazeka:I-Super-dispersant + i-plasticizer ephezulu + ukuxuba kwangaphambili okwenziwe kakuhle kufanele kuphucule kakhulu ukusasazwa, kunciphise ukuhlangana kunye nokuphucula ukufana kwengubo.
• Ukuqhubekeka:I-TOTP eyaneleyo kunye nee-lubricants kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba zisebenza kakuhle, kodwa zijonge ukuxinana kunye nokunamathela ngexesha lokwenziwa.
• Ixabiso:I-TOTP kunye ne-super-dispersants zibiza kakhulu, kodwa i-aluminium hypophosphite encitshisiweyo kunye ne-MCA zinciphisa ezinye iindleko. I-ATH ixabisa kancinci.

Izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo:

• Izilingo ezincinci kuqala!Vavanya elabhoratri kwaye ulungise ngokusekelwe kwizixhobo zokwenyani (ingakumbi i-ATH kunye nokusebenza kwe-super-dispersant) kunye nezixhobo.
• Ukukhetha izinto:
• I-ATH:Kufuneka usebenzise i-ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), ii-grades ezicociweyo (umz., i-silane). Nxibelelana nabathengisi ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ezihambelana ne-PVC.
• Izinto ezisasaza kakhulu:Kufuneka usebenzise iintlobo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Yazisa ababoneleli ngesicelo (i-PVC, izizalisi ze-inorganic ezinomthwalo omninzi, i-halogen-free flame retardancy).
• I-TOTP:Qinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu.
• Uvavanyo:Yenza uvavanyo oluqinileyo lokungatshisi ilangabi ngokwemigangatho ekujoliswe kuyo. Kwakhona jonga ukumelana nokwaluphala/namanzi (kubalulekile kwiitente zangaphandle!). Iziqinisi ze-UV kunye nee-antioxidants zibalulekile.

More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com