Uhlalutyo kunye nokuPhuculwa kweFlame-Retardant Formulation yePVC Coatings

Uhlalutyo kunye nokuPhuculwa kweFlame-Retardant Formulation yePVC Coatings

Umxhasi wenza iintente ze-PVC kwaye kufuneka afake i-coat-retardant coating. Ifomula yangoku inamalungu angama-60 entlaka ye-PVC, iinxalenye ezingama-40 ze-TOTM, iinxalenye ezingama-30 ze-aluminium hypophosphite (ezine-40% nomxholo we-phosphorus), iinxalenye ezili-10 ze-MCA, iinxalenye ezisi-8 ze-zinc borate, kunye ne-dispersants. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwe-flame-retardant akubi, kwaye ukusasazwa kwee-flame retardants nako akwanelanga. Ngezantsi luhlalutyo lwezizathu kunye nohlengahlengiso olucetywayo kwifomula.

I. Izizathu ezingundoqo zokuBamba iFlame Retadancy

1. INkqubo eNgalungelelaniyo yokuLahlwa kweLanga elineempembelelo ezibuthathaka ze-Synergistic

• Ubuninzi be-aluminiyam hypophosphite (iinxalenye ezingama-30):
  Nangona i-aluminium hypophosphite iyi-phosphorus-based flame retardant esebenzayo (40% umxholo we-phosphorus), ukongeza ngokugqithisileyo (> iinxalenye ze-25) kunokukhokelela:
• Ukunyuka okubukhali kwi-viscosity yenkqubo, okwenza ukusabalalisa kube nzima kunye nokwenza iindawo ezidibeneyo ezikhawulezayo ukutshisa ("i-wick effect").
• Ukuncipha kokuqina kwezixhobo kunye nokuphazamiseka kweempawu zokwenza ifilimu ngenxa yokugcwala okugqithisileyo kwe-inorganic.
• Umxholo we-MCA ophezulu (amacandelo ali-10):
  I-MCA (i-nitrogen-based) isetyenziswa njenge-synergist. Xa i-dosage idlula iinxalenye ze-5, ivame ukufudukela phezulu, ihluthe i-flame-retardant ye-flame-retardant kunye nokuphazamisana nezinye ii-flame retardants.
• Ukunqongophala kwama-synergists angundoqo:
  Nangona i-zinc borate ineempembelelo zokunciphisa umsi, ukungabikho kwe-antimony-based based (umzekelo, i-antimony trioxide) okanye i-metal oxide (umzekelo, i-aluminium hydroxide) i-compounds ikhusela ukubunjwa kwenkqubo ye-synergistic "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony", okubangelwa ukungonelanga kwe-gas-phase flame retardancy.

2. Ukungafani phakathi koKhetho lwePlastiki kunye neNjongo yokuBuyisa iFlame

• I-TOM (i-trioctyl trimellitate) inokuphela komlilo oqingqiweyo:
  I-TOTM iyagqwesa ekuxhathiseni ubushushu kodwa ayisebenzi kangako ekubambeni komlilo xa kuthelekiswa nee-phosphate esters (umz., TOTP). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-high-flame-retadancy applications njengeentente zentente, i-TOTM ayikwazi ukubonelela ngokuchasa okwaneleyo kunye ne-oxygen-barrier-barrier.
• Iplasticizer engonelanga iyonke (izahlulo ezingama-40 kuphela):
  I-resin ye-PVC ifuna i-60-75 iinxalenye ze-plasticizer ukuze i-plasticization epheleleyo. Isiqulatho seplastiki esisezantsi sikhokelela kwi-viscosity ephezulu yokunyibilika, okonyusa ngakumbi imiba yokusasazwa komlilo.

3. Inkqubo yokusasazwa engasebenziyo eKhokela kuSabelo olungaLingeneyo lweFrime Retardant

• I-dispersant yangoku inokuba luhlobo lwenjongo ngokubanzi (umzekelo, i-stearic acid okanye i-PE wax), engasebenziyo kwi-high-load inorganic flame retardants (i-aluminiyam hypophosphite + zinc borate iyonke yamacandelo angama-48), ebangela:
• I-Agglomeration yamasuntswana e-flame retardant, ukudala iindawo ezibuthathaka zendawo kwindawo yokwaleka.
• Ukunyibilika kakubi ngexesha lokulungiswa, ukuvelisa ubushushu be-chear obudala ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha.

4. Ukuhambelana kakubi phakathi kweFlame Retardants kunye nePVC

• Izixhobo ze-inorganic ezifana ne-aluminiyam hypophosphite kunye ne-borate ye-zinc inomahluko obalulekileyo we-polarity kunye ne-PVC. Ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwendawo (umzekelo, i-silane coupling agents), ukuhlukana kwesigaba kwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flame-retardant.

II. Indlela yoYilo olungundoqo

1. Faka endaweni yePlastiki yePlasitiki ngeTOTP

• Ukwandisa i-intrinsic intrinsic flame retardancy (umxholo we-phosphorus ≈9%) kunye nefuthe leplastiki.

2. Lungiselela iRatios ye-Flame Retardant kunye ne-Synergy

• Gcina i-aluminiyam hypophosphite njengomthombo we-phosphorus ongundoqo kodwa unciphise kakhulu umthamo wayo ukuphucula ukusasazwa kunye nokunciphisa "impembelelo ye-wick."
• Gcina i-zinc borate njenge-synergist engundoqo (ukukhuthaza ukutshisa kunye nokunciphisa umsi).
• Gcina i-MCA njenge-nitrogen synergist kodwa unciphise umthamo wayo ukuthintela ukufuduka.
• YazisaI-ultrafine aluminiyam hydroxide (ATH)njengecandelo lemisebenzi emininzi:
• Ukuncipha komlilo:Ukubola kwe-Endothermic (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni), ukupholisa, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweegesi ezinokutsha.
• Uthintelo lomsi:Ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuveliswa komsi.
• Isigcwalisi:Ukunciphisa iindleko (xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiretardants zomlilo).
• Ukusasazwa kunye nokuhamba okuphuculweyo (ibakala eliphezulu):Kulula ukusabalalisa kune-ATH eqhelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwe-viscosity.

3. Izisombululo ezomeleleyo zeMiba yoSasazo

• Yandisa kakhulu umxholo weplastiki:Qinisekisa iplastiki epheleleyo yePVC kunye nokunciphisa i-viscosity yenkqubo.
• Sebenzisa iisuper-dispersants ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu:Yenzelwe ngokukodwa umthwalo ophezulu, ngokulula agglomerated inorganic powders (aluminiyam hypophosphite, ATH).
• Lungiselela ukusetyenzwa (ukuxutywa kwangaphambili kubalulekile):Qinisekisa ukumanzisa ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokusasazwa kweeretadants zomlilo.

4. Ukuqinisekisa uZinzo lweNkqubo eSisiseko

• Yongeza izizinzi zobushushu ezaneleyo kunye nezithambiso ezifanelekileyo.

III. Ifomula eHlaziyiweyo yePVC eRetardant Flame-Retardant

IV. Amanqaku eFomula kunye namaNqaku aPhambili

1. I-TOTP siSiseko esingundoqo

• 65-75 iinxalenyeiqinisekisa:
• Iplastiki epheleleyo: I-PVC ifuna i-plasticizer eyaneleyo ukwenzela ukwakheka kwefilimu ethambileyo, eqhubekayo.
• Ukunciphisa i-Viscosity: Ibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusasazwa komthwalo ophezulu we-inorganic flame retardants.
• I-Intrinsic flame retadancy: I-TOTP ngokwayo iyiplasitiki esebenza kakhulu ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo.

2. I-Synergy ye-Flame Retardant

• PNB-Al synergy:I-aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) ibonelela ngesiseko se-PN synergy. I-Zinc borate (B, Zn) yongeza ukutsha nokuthomalalisa umsi. I-Ultrafine ATH (Al) ibonelela ngokupholisa okukhulu kwe-endothermic kunye noxinzelelo lomsi. I-TOTP ikwanegalelo le-phosphorus. Oku kudala inkqubo ye-synergistic yezinto ezininzi.
• Indima ye-ATH:Iinxalenye ezingama-25–35 ze-ATH ene-ultrafine inegalelo elikhulu ekunqandeni amadangatye kunye nokuthomalalisa umsi. Ukubola kwayo kwe-endothermic kutsala ubushushu, ngelixa umphunga wamanzi okhutshiweyo ukhulula ioksijini kunye neegesi ezinokutsha.I-Ultrafine kunye ne-ATH enyangelwe phezulu ibalulekileukunciphisa impembelelo ye-viscosity kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana kwePVC.
• Ukunciphisa i-aluminiyam hypophosphite:Ukwehliswa ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-15-20 iinxalenye zokunciphisa umthwalo wenkqubo ngelixa ugcina igalelo le-phosphorus.
• I-MCA eyehlisiwe:Yehliswa ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-4-6 iinxalenye zokuthintela ukufuduka.

3. Isisombululo sokusasazwa - Okubalulekileyo kwiMpumelelo

• I-Super-dispersant (iinxalenye ezi-3–4):Kubalulekile ekuphatheni umthwalo ophezulu (i-50-70 iinxalenye ezipheleleyo ze-inorganic fillers!), inkqubo enzima-ukusasazeka (i-aluminium hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Izisasazo eziqhelekileyo (umz., i-calcium stearate, i-PE wax) ayonelanga!Tyala imali kwi-super-dispersants esebenzayo kwaye usebenzise imali eyaneleyo.
• Umxholo wePlastiki (65-75 iinxalenye):Njengoko ngasentla, kunciphisa i-viscosity iyonke, ukudala indawo engcono yokusasazwa.
• Izithambisi (1–2 iinxalenye):Ukudibanisa kwangaphakathi / kwangaphandle kwe-lubricant kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokugubungela, ukuthintela ukunamathela.

4. Ukucubungula - iProtocol eQinisekileyo yokuHlanganisa kwangaphambili

• Inyathelo loku-1 (Yomisa-xuba umgubo we-inorganic):
• Yongeza i-aluminium hypophosphite, i-ATH ye-ultrafine, i-zinc borate, i-MCA, kunye nazo zonke i-super-dispersant kwi-high-speed mixer.
• Hlanganisa kwi-80-90 ° C kwi-8-10 imizuzu. Injongo: Qinisekisa super-dispersant iidyasi ngokupheleleyo amasuntswana ngalinye, ukwaphula agglomerates.Ixesha kunye nobushushu zibalulekile!
• Inyathelo lesi-2 (Ukwakheka koludaka):
• Yongeza uninzi lweTOTP (umz., 70–80%), zonke izizinzisi zobushushu, kunye nezithambiso zangaphakathi kumxube osuka kwiNyathelo loku-1.
• Xuba kwi-90-100 ° C imizuzu emi-5-7 ukwenza iyunifomu, i-flame-retardant slurry. Qinisekisa ukuba umgubo umanziswe ngokupheleleyo ziiplastiki.
• Inyathelo lesi-3 (Yongeza iPVC kunye nezinto eziseleyo):
• Yongeza i-resin ye-PVC, i-TOTP eseleyo, i-lubricant yangaphandle (kunye ne-antioxidants / i-UV stabilizers, ukuba yongezwa kweli nqanaba).
• Hlanganisa kwi-100-110 ° C kwi-7-10 imizuzu de ufikelele "kwindawo eyomileyo" (i-free-flowing, i-clumps).Kuphephe ukuxutywa kakhulu ukuthintela ukuthotywa kwePVC.
• Ukupholisa:Khupha kwaye upholise umxube ku-<50°C ukuthintela ukuqumba.

5. UkuLungiswa Okulandelayo

• Sebenzisa umxube owomileyo opholileyo ukwenza i-calendering okanye ukugquma.
• Lawula ubushushu bokusebenza ngokungqongqo (ubushushu obucetyisiweyo bokunyibilika ≤170-175 ° C) ukuphepha ukungaphumeleli kokuzinzisa okanye ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha kweeretardants zomlilo (umz., ATH).

V. Iziphumo ezilindelekileyo kunye neMiqathango

• Ukuncipha komlilo:Xa kuthelekiswa nefomula yokuqala (TOTM + high aluminium hypophosphite / MCA), le fomula ehlaziyiweyo (TOTP + optimized P / N / B / Al ratios) kufuneka iphucule kakhulu ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo, ngokukodwa ekusebenzeni kokutshisa okuthe nkqo kunye nokunciphisa umsi. Imigangatho ekujoliswe kuyo njenge-CPAI-84 yeentente. Iimvavanyo eziphambili: I-ASTM D6413 (ukutshisa ngokuthe nkqo).
• Ukusasazwa:I-Super-dispersant + high plasticizer + optimized pre-mixing kufuneka iphucule kakhulu ukusasazwa, ukunciphisa i-agglomeration kunye nokuphucula ukufana kokwambathisa.
• Ukuqhubekeka:I-TOTP eyaneleyo kunye nezithambiso kufuneka ziqinisekise ukusetyenzwa kakuhle, kodwa ukubeka iliso kwi-viscosity kunye nokunamathela ngexesha lemveliso yangempela.
• Ixabiso:I-TOTP kunye ne-super-dispersants iyabiza, kodwa i-aluminium hypophosphite iyancipha kunye ne-MCA yokunciphisa ezinye iindleko. I-ATH inexabiso eliphantsi noko.

Izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo:

• Ulingo oluncinci kuqala!Uvavanyo kwilebhu kwaye uhlengahlengise ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezizizo (ingakumbi i-ATH kunye nokusebenza kwe-super-dispersant) kunye nezixhobo.
• Ukukhethwa kwezinto:
• ATH:Kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), amabanga anyangelwe phezulu (umz., i-silane). Qhagamshelana nababoneleli ngeengcebiso ezihambelana nePVC.
• Super-dispersants:Kufuneka kusetyenziswe iintlobo eziphezulu zokusebenza kakuhle. Yazisa ababoneleli malunga nesicelo (i-PVC, i-high-load-inorganic fillers, i-halogen-free flame retardancy).
• I-TOTP:Qinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu.
• Uvavanyo:Qhuba iimvavanyo ezingqongqo zedangatye ngokwemigangatho ekujoliswe kuyo. Kwakhona uvavanye ukuguga / ukunganyangeki kwamanzi (okubalulekileyo kwiintente zangaphandle!). I-UV stabilizers kunye ne-antioxidants zibalulekile.

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