UPhando malunga nokuBuyiswa komlilo weZixhobo zeZiThuthi kunye neeNdlela zokuSebenza zeeFiber eziBuyiselwa yiFlame kwiZithuthi

UPhando malunga nokuBuyiswa komlilo weZixhobo zeZiThuthi kunye neeNdlela zokuSebenza zeeFiber eziBuyiselwa yiFlame kwiZithuthi

Ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kweshishini leenqwelo-mafutha, iimoto—ezisetyenziselwa ukuhamba okanye ukuthutha iimpahla—ziye zaba zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kubomi babantu. Ngelixa iimoto zibonelela ngokulula, zikwabeka imingcipheko yokhuseleko, njengeengozi zendlela kunye nokutsha okuzenzekelayo. Ngenxa yendawo evaliweyo kunye nezinto zangaphakathi ezinokutsha, emva kokuba umlilo uqhambuka kwisithuthi, kudla ngokuba nzima ukulawula, ukubeka ubomi kunye nepropathi yabagibeli engozini. Ngoko ke, ukhuseleko lomlilo kwizithuthi kufuneka lube yinkxalabo enkulu kubasebenzisi.

Izinto ezibangela ukutsha kwezithuthi zingahlelwa ngokubanzi ngolu hlobo:
(1) Imiba enxulumene nesithuthi, kubandakanywa iziphene zombane, ukuvuza kwepetroli, kunye nokukhuhlana koomatshini okubangelwa ukuguqulwa okungafanelekanga, ukufakela okanye ukulungiswa.
(2) Izinto zangaphandle, ezifana nokungqubana, ukuqengqeleka, ukutshisa, okanye imithombo yomlilo engajongwanga.

Izithuthi zamandla amatsha, zixhotyiswe ngeebhetri zamandla amakhulu, ziqhelene kakhulu nomlilo ngenxa yeesekethe ezimfutshane ezibangelwa kukungqubana, iipunctures, ukubaleka kwe-thermal kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okanye umsinga ogqithisileyo ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

01 Uphando malunga nokuBuyiselwa kweFlame kwiiMpahla zeMoto

Uphononongo lwezixhobo zokubuyiswa komlilo lwaqala ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 eUnited States. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho iimfuno ezintsha zophando malunga nokubuyiswa komlilo wezinto zangaphakathi zeemoto, ngakumbi kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

Okokuqala, uphando lwethiyori malunga nokubuyiswa komlilo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi baseTshayina bagxininise kakhulu ekufundeni iindlela zokutsha zemicu eyahlukeneyo kunye neeplastiki, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeretardants zomlilo.

Okwesibini, ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zokunqanda ilangatye. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo ze-flame retardant phantsi kophuhliso. Ngamazwe ngamazwe, izixhobo ezifana ne-PPS, i-carbon fiber, kunye nefayibha yeglasi zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo.

Okwesithathu, uphando ngamalaphu abuyiswa ngamadangatye. Amalaphu agada amadangatya alula ukuvelisa kwaye asebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ngelixa amalaphu e-cotton abuyisela idangatye sele ephuhliswe kakuhle, uphando kwamanye amalaphu abuyiswa ngamadangatya ahlala elinganiselwe e-China.

Okwesine, imimiselo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya kwizixhobo ezinqanda ilangatye.

Izinto zangaphakathi zeemoto zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

1. Izinto ezisekelwe kwifayibha (umzekelo, izihlalo, iikhaphethi, amabhanti ezihlalo)—ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nabakhweli.
2. Izinto ezisekelwe kwiplastiki.
3. Izinto ezisekelwe kwirabha.

Izinto ezisekelwe kwifayibha, ezinokutsha kakhulu kwaye zikufutshane nabakhweli, zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu xa kunokutsha. Ukongeza, ezinye izinto zezithuthi, ezinjengeebhetri kunye neenjini, zibekwe kufutshane nempahla yelaphu, okonyusa amathuba okusasazeka komlilo. Ke ngoko, ukufunda ukubuyiswa komlilo wezinto zangaphakathi zeemoto kubalulekile ukulibazisa ukutsha kunye nokubonelela ixesha elingakumbi lokubaleka kubakhweli.

02 Ukuhlelwa kweeFayibha eziRetardant zeFlame

Ukusetyenziswa kwelaphu lemizi-mveliso, iingubo zemoto zithatha isabelo esibalulekileyo. Umndilili wemoto yomkhweli iqulathe malunga ne-20-40 kg yemathiriyeli yangaphakathi, uninzi lwayo ngamalaphu, kubandakanywa izigqubuthelo zokuhlala, iicushion, amabhanti ezihlalo, kunye nentloko. Ezi zixhobo zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokhuseleko lwabaqhubi kunye nabakhweli, zifuna iipropathi ezinqanda ilangatye ukucotha ukusasazeka kwedangatye kunye nokunyusa ixesha lokuphuma.

Iintsinga ezibuyisela idangatyezichazwa njengeentsinga ezinokuthi zingavuthi okanye zitshise ngokungaphelelanga xa zidibana nomthombo womlilo, zivelisa amadangatye amancinci kwaye zizicime ngokukhawuleza xa umthombo womlilo ususiwe. I-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulinganisa ukutsha, kunye ne-LOI ngaphezu kwe-21% ebonisa ukutsha okuphantsi.

Iifiber ezibuyisela idangatye zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:

1. Ngokwemvelo iiFayibha eziRetardant zeFlame
   Ezi fayibha zinamaqela akhelwe ngaphakathi abambe idangatye kumatyathanga azo epolymer, ephucula uzinzo lwe-thermal, ukwandisa amaqondo obushushu okubola, ukucinezela ukuveliswa kwerhasi enokutsha, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-char. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Iintsinga zeAramid (umzekelo, ipara-aramid, i-meta-aramid)
• Iintsinga zePolyimide (umzekelo, iKermel, iP84)
• Iifiber zePolyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
• Iifayibha zePolybenzimidazole (PBI).
• Imicu yeMelamine (umzekelo, iBasofil)

I-Meta-aramid, i-polysulfonamide, i-polyimide, kunye ne-PPS fibers sele iveliswe ngobuninzi e-China.

1. IiFayibha eziRetardant eziGuquliweyo
   Ezi fayibha zifumana ukubuyiswa komlilo ngokusebenzisa izongezo okanye unyango olungaphezulu, kubandakanywa:

• I-polyester ebuyisela idangatye
• Inayiloni egatya idangatye
• I-viscose ene-flame retardant
• I-polypropylene ebuyisela idangatye

Iindlela zokuguqula ziquka i-copolymerization, ukudibanisa, ukujikeleza okudibeneyo, ukudibanisa, kunye nokugqiba.

Izicelo ze-03 zokuSebenza ngokuPhezulu kweFayibha eziLahlwayo zeFrime kuKhuseleko lweMoto

Izixhobo ze-Automotive flame retardant kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ngenxa yeengxaki zendawo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izicelo, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zixhathise ukuvutha okanye zibonise amazinga okutsha alawulwayo (umzekelo, ≤70 mm/min kwizithuthi zabakhweli).

Ukongeza, iingqwalasela ziquka:

• Ukuxinana komsi ophantsi kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eyityhefu encinciukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.
• Iimpawu ze-Anti-staticukuthintela imililo ebangelwa ngumphunga okanye ukufumba kothuli.

Ubalo lubonisa ukuba imoto nganye isebenzisa i-20–42 m² yemathiriyeli yelaphu, ebonisa amandla okukhula okukhulu kumalaphu emoto. Ezi zambatho zihlulwe kwiindidi ezisebenzayo kunye nezihombise, ngokugxininiswa okunyukayo ekusebenzeni-ingakumbi ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo-ngenxa yokukhathazeka kokhuseleko.

Iimpahla ezilukiweyo ezisebenza ngokuphezulu zisetyenziswa kwi-flame flame retardant:

• Izihlalo zokuhlala
• Iipaneli zeengcango
• Iintambo zeTire
• Iingxowa zomoya
• Uphahla lwezindlu
• Ukuthintela isandi kunye nezixhobo zokugquma

Amalaphu angalukwanga enziwe ngepolyester, ifayibha yekhabhoni, i-polypropylene, kunye nefiber yeglasi nazo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kungaphakathi lweemoto.

Ukukhuthaza izinto zangaphakathi zeemoto ezibuyiswa ngamadangatye akuphuculi nje kuphela ukhuseleko lwabakhweli kodwa kunegalelo kwintlalontle yoluntu.